動詞“be + 形容詞 + enough + 動詞不定式”結構是初中英語中最常用的句型之一,也是中考考點之一。同學們在學習和使用這個句型時,必須注意這個句型的主語是人還是物,是肯定結構還是否定結構以及與其它句型的相互轉換。
一、句型結構
動詞“be + 形容詞 + enough + 動詞不定式”結構的意思是“有足夠的……做某事、到了做某事的……了”。句子的主語通常指人。例如:
1. Andy is generous enough to buy nice presents for all of us. 安迪夠大方的了,給我們大家買了漂亮的禮物。
2. The boy is old enough to go to school. 這個男孩到上學的年齡了。
如果句子的主語指物時,必須在動詞不定式之前加“介詞for + 名/代詞”作為動詞不定式的邏輯主語。例如:
1. The question is easy enough for him to answer. 問題夠簡單的了,他能回答上來。
2. The box is light enough for her to carry. 這個箱子很輕,她能搬動。
該句型的否定結構是在動詞be的后面加not,意思是“太……而不……”。例如:
1. The little girl isn’t old enough to go to school. 那個小女孩沒有到上學的年齡。
2. The problem isn’t easy enough for him to work out. 問題太難了,他算不出來。
二、句型轉換
A、與too…to…結構轉換時,必須具備以下條件:
(a)“be + 形容詞 + enough + 動詞不定式”必須是否定結構。(b) “too…to…”結構必須用與前者相反的形容詞。例如:
1. The little girl isn’t old enough to go to school.
The little girl is too young to go to school.
2. The problem isn’t easy enough for him to work out.
The problem is too difficult for him to work out.
B、與“it(形式主語)+ be +adj. + of +sb.+ 動詞不定式(真正主語)”結構的互換。例如:
Sandy is generous enough to buy all of us nice presents.
It is generous of Sandy to buy all of us nice presents.
有時動詞“be + 形容詞 + enough + 動詞不定式”結構與“so…that …”結構也可以互相轉換,但這兩種句型轉換時,必須注意以下兩點:
(a) 如果前者的主語指物,轉換成 “so…that…”結構時,“so…that…”從句中必須用代詞代替這個指物的名詞。(b) 如果兩種句型都是否定結構的話,“so…that…”結構中so后面的形容詞必須用與前者相反的形容詞。例如:
1. The boy is old enough to go to school.
The boy is so old that he can go to school.
2. The problem isn’t easy enough for him to work out.
The problem is so difficult that he can’t work it out.
溫馨提醒:
“so…that…”結構可以與“such…that…”結構互換,但是“such…that…”結構不能與動詞“be + adj.+ enough to do sth.”結構互換。
[實戰演練]寫出同義句(每空一詞)
1. The box is too heavy for him to carry.(2004年重慶市)
The box isn’t ________ for him to carry.
2. The boy is so young that he can’t swim across the river.(2004年貴州省)
The boy _____ old _____ to swim across the river.
3. He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(2005年河北省)
He is ________ to lift the heavy box.
4. Jack is too young to dress himself. (2004年山東省)
Jack is not ________ to dress himself.
5. The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself.(2004年廣東省)
The boy is not ________ to look after himself.
Keys: 1. light enough 2.isn’t, enough 3. strong enough 4. old enough 5. old enough