如何揣摩作者的觀點態度

一、題干特征

高考英語閱讀理解中詢問作者的觀點態度一般采用如下方式：

1. The author thinks that ________.

2. The author probably feels that ________.

3. In the author's opinion， ________.

4. Which of the following words best describes the writer's attitude?

5. The author's attitude towards... is ________.

6. How does the author probably feel about...?

7. The author's attitude towards ... can be described as _________.

二、選項特點

歷年高考中要求考生揣測作者觀點態度的試題，其正確選項要么是褒義性的肯定或贊揚（如positive， support， useful， interesting， admiring 等），要么是貶義性的否定或批評（如 disgust， critical， negative， disappointment 等），且以否定或貶義性居多。中性詞（如 indifferent， ambivalent， neutral， humor， disinterested， impassive ）多為干擾項。干擾選項還可能是：

(1)考生自己的某種觀點，而不是作者的觀點。

(2)社會普遍的一種傾向，但文中沒有信息支持。

(3)與本文無關或與作者相反的觀點等。

三、解題技巧

做這一類試題的秘訣是：

(1)理解四個選項詞語的含義。常見的表示態度的詞有：opposition反對、suspicion懷疑的、approval支持、unconcerned不關心的 、optimistic樂觀的、subjective主觀的、objective客觀的、pessimistic悲觀的、sensitive 敏感的。

(2)可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動詞，根據作者使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷作者的態度。

(3)作者的觀點一般與文章主旨相關聯，因此考生可以抓論述的主線及舉例的方式。

(4)多注意文章開頭、結尾等傳達作者感情傾向的地方。

(5)不要攙雜自己的觀點。

四、實例分析：

[例1]

...In the first case， where we don’t tell the clerk， a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process， we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot lie trusted， since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast， bringing the error to the clerk’s attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store， we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. （2007年廣東卷閱讀B）

47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to_______.

A. lyingB. stealing

C. cheating D. advertising

解析：從文中的we don't tell the clerk， as a type of thief可知，作者鮮明地表明了自己的態度：拿著店員沒有收款的東西，如果我們不告訴店員，內心感到自己做了賊似的。故選B。

[例2]

For some strange reason， I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again， but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth， who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However， watercolors remained my first choice， and I think I did my best work there， showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.

Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world， and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said， “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.” (2006年全國卷閱讀D)

72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist？

A. Very enjoyable.B. A bit regretful.

C. Rather busD. Fairly dull.

解析：根據文中的“watercolors remained my first choice， and I think I did my best work” “wonderful” “I can follow my heart’s desire”等關鍵詞句，可以看出作者對自己退休的藝術生活感到很滿意，故選A。

[例3]

The whole found-photograph phenomenon has raised some questions. Perhaps one of the most difficult is: can these images really be considered as art? And if so， whose art？Yet found photographs produced by artists， such Richard Prince， may riding his horse hurriedly to meet someone？ Or how did Prince create this photograph？It's anyone's guess. In addition， as we imagine the back-story to the people in the found photographs artists， like Schmid， have collated （整理）， we also turn toward our own photographic albums. Why is memory so important to us? Why do we all seek to freeze in time the faces of our children， our parents， our lovers， and ourselves？Will they mean anything to anyone after we've gone？（2007年湖南卷閱讀C）

68． The author's attitude towards found photographs can be described as _________.

A． criticalB． doubtful

C． optimistic D． satisfied

解析：從文章的后半部分，特別是最后的三個問句，可以推知作者對found photographs之類的東西的價值或作用是持積極、樂觀的態度的。故選C。

五、學以致用：

(1)

In the past， women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study， all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.

A woman's well-being is developed when she takes on multiple（多項的）roles. At least by middle adulthood， the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages， motherhood， and employment—were the highest in well-being， in spite of warnings about stress and strain.

●The author's attitude towards women having a career is________.

A. negative B. positive

C. neutral（中立的）D. realistic

(2)

I am puzzled by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than it would be if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an irritating(令人困擾的) little habit， like sneezing or yawning(打哈欠).I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it，

●What is the author's attitude toward dreaming?

A. He likes it

B. He thinks it puzzling

C. He hates it

D. He doesn't accept it as part of his life

(3)

One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is， of course， the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.

●The author appears modern advertising.

A. to likeB. to be indifferent to

C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with

答案與解析

1. B 解析：文章通過過去和現在的對比，說明婦女現在有份事業更好，而且婦女在有些方面還做得很好。特別是根據well-being， multiple， highest等關鍵詞，可知作者對婦女有份事業是持肯定、積極態度的。

2. A解析： 根據首句作者對“不做夢或對夢不感興趣的人感到迷惑”可推知，作者是喜歡做夢的。

3. C 解析：由文中的shouts at us， waves to us from every page， signals...all day， flashes...all night等關鍵詞句可知，作者對現代廣告感到不滿。

責任編校蔣小青