如何推斷文段的隱含意義

推理判斷題就是作者在文中沒有明說，需要我們透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音。這是高考英語閱讀理解的必考題型，難度相對較大，容易失分。本文談談如何解答這類試題。

一、題干特征

一般來說，推理判斷題題干中常含有imply(暗示)， suggest(暗示)， infer(推斷)，conclude（推斷，斷定）等字眼。如：

1. It can be inferred/concluded from the text that

.

2. We can infer/conclude from the passage that ______.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

5. The writer suggests/implies that .

6. The story implies that.

7. We can see /infer /conclude from the passage that .

二、選項特點

正確選項一定是以文中提供的信息為依據作出的符合邏輯的推斷。錯誤選項有以下特點：

1． 與考生自己的生活、經驗相符的結論，但文章中沒有信息支持。

2. 只是文章中某些信息的簡單重復，而非推斷出來的結論。

3. 曲解文意，與文中內容不符或完全相反的結論等。

4. 推理過度或帶有片面性。

三、解題技巧

在做題時，首先通過尋讀，結合選項在文中找到相關的句、段；然后理解字面意思，讀懂原文；接著根據特定的語境和常識進行邏輯推理，得出與文中所述事實相符的結論；最后再根據正誤選項的特點，通過排除法等選出正確選項。

四、實例分析

...Malaria has five thousand genes， and its abilities to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control...For decades， the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine， a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately， in most parts of the world， malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available， but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail， nobody knows what would come next.（2007廣東卷閱讀C篇）

54. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease.

B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

D. nobody knows what will be the drugs to treat the disease

解析：文中說幾十年前非洲就有了治malaria 的藥物，即chloroquine了，故選項A與事實不符，應排除；文中Malaria …its abilities…and resist new drugs是Malaria很快會有抵抗藥物的能力，而不是抵抗parasites(寄生蟲)的能力，選項C故意曲解了原文意思，應排除；由文中的new drugs和Successful alternatives可知，是不斷有新藥出現的，文中If these drugs should fail， nobody knows what would come next是虛擬語氣，是與事實不符的假設，選項D改變了語氣，與事實不符，應排除；根據文中Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available， but they have been in short supply and are very expensive”（有了替代的藥物，但供貨短缺，且很貴），并結合前文所說的患這種病的人往往是非洲貧窮的人，不難推斷出：這種新的替代藥大多數人不容易得到。故選B。

五、學以致用

(1)

...Just as laughing has many health advantages， scientists are discovering that so， too， does crying. ...Just as crying can be healthy， not crying—holding back tears of anger， pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too， much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure， heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem， doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying， don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy emotional response.

●It can be inferred from the text that _______.

A. there are two ways to keep healthy

B. crying does more good to health than laughing

C. crying and laughing play the same roles

D. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health.

(2)

Never give out identifying information such as Name， Home， Address， School Name， or Telephone Number in a public message such as at a chat room or on bulletin boards. Never send a person a picture of you without first checking with your parents.

Never arrange a face-to –face meeting without telling your parents. If your parents agree to the meeting， make sure that you meet in a public place and have a parent with you.

Remember that people online may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person， it would be for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man.

Get to know your “online friend” just as you get to know all of your friends.

●The passage suggests that one should ________.

A. never make an online friend

B. believe nobody on the Net

C. not be honest on the Net

D. be careful about the online friend

(3)

If you are lost in the mountains， stay calm in the face of darkness， loneliness， and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important， but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.

●What can we infer from the passage?

A. Don’t travel by yourself.

B. Mountain traveling is dangerous.

C. Don’t get frightened in danger.

D. Avoid going to unfamiliar places.

答案與解析

1. D 解析：原文并沒有講到哭比笑對健康更有好處，故B項是錯的；原文只講到哭與笑對健康都有好處，并不能說明其功能是相同的，更不能推出保持健康就只有這兩種方法，故選項A和C都推理過度，都是錯誤的；由原文Just as crying can be healthy， not crying—holding back tears of anger， pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health可推知，情感因素與身體健康有密切聯系，故D項正確。

2. D 解析：由文中的幾個never和最后一句(交網友就像你在生活中交其他朋友一樣是逐漸認識的，要有一個了解的過程)，我們可推斷出作者認為交網友要謹慎。其他選項都過于片面或推理過度。

3. C 解析：選項A和C，文中沒有信息支持；本段是說在山中迷路時應如何做，并不意味著Mountain traveling是危險的，選項B推理過度；由文中的stay calm和but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear可以推知，遇到危險時一定要保持冷靜，不要驚慌。

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