地震度過危難十貼士

1) Most everyone who simply “ducks and covers” WHEN BUILDINGS COLLAPSE are crushed to death. People who get under objects, like desks or cars, are crushed.

2) Cats, dogs and babies often naturally curl up in the fetal position. You should, too, in an earthquake. It is a natural safety/survival instinct.

You can survive in a smaller void. Get next to an object, next to a sofa, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it.

3) Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake. Wood is flexible and moves with the force of the earthquake.

If the wooden building does collapse, large survival voids are created.

Also, the wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight. Brick buildings will break into individual bricks. Bricks will cause many injuries but less squashed bodies than concrete slabs.

4) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed. A safe void will exist around the bed. Hotels can achieve a much greater survival rate in earthquakes, simply by posting a sign on the back of the door of every room telling occupants to lie down on the floor, next to the bottom of the bed during an earthquake.

5) If an earthquake happens and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa or large chair.

6) Most everyone who gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is killed. How? If you stand under a doorway and the doorjamb falls forward or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door-jamb falls sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case, you will be killed!

7) Never go to the stairs. The stairs have a different “moment of frequency” (they swing separately from the main part of the building). The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who get on stairs before they fail are chopped up by the stair treads—horribly mutilated. Even if the building doesnt collapse, stay away from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. They should always be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged.

8) Get Near the Outer Walls Of Buildings Or Outside Of Them If Possible.

It is much better to be near the outside of the building rather than the interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter of the building the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked.

9) People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what happened with the slabs between the decks of the Nimitz Freeway. The victims of the San Francisco earthquake all stayed inside of their vehicles. They were all killed. They could have easily survived by getting out and sitting or lying next to their vehicles. Everyone killed would have survived if they had been able to get out of their cars and sit or lie next to them. All the crushed cars had voids 3 feet high next to them, except for the cars that had columns fall directly across them.

10) I discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other offices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper.

1) 當(dāng)房屋倒塌時(shí)，僅使用“蹲下和掩護(hù)”的人幾乎都喪生了。躲在如課桌或汽車等物體下的人們，都會(huì)被壓到。

2) 貓、狗、幼兒在地震中常會(huì)自然蜷成胎兒狀。在地震中你也應(yīng)當(dāng)如此，這是生存本能。

你能在一個(gè)小空間里存活。 靠近一個(gè)物體，一個(gè)沙發(fā)，或一個(gè)大件等，這類物品在受到略微的擠壓后，會(huì)在靠著它旁邊的地方留下一個(gè)空間。

3) 木制房屋在地震中是最安全的建筑物。木質(zhì)材料韌性強(qiáng)，可隨地震的力量搖擺，不易倒塌。

如果木制房屋倒塌了，會(huì)留出很大的存活空間。

并且木質(zhì)材料密度小，重量輕。而磚式房屋會(huì)破碎成一塊塊的磚。雖然磚式房屋會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多傷亡，但要比水泥質(zhì)地的房屋要少。

4) 若地震在晚上發(fā)生，而你又在床上時(shí)，只要滾下床即可，床的周圍會(huì)形成一個(gè)安全空間。 賓館中生還的幾率會(huì)更大一些，這僅通過在門后放一個(gè)標(biāo)記告訴住客在地震中應(yīng)躺在床底邊的地板上即可。

5) 如果地震發(fā)生而你無法迅速?gòu)拈T或窗戶逃脫時(shí)，立刻躺下，蜷成胎兒狀，靠在沙發(fā)或大椅子旁。

6) 房屋倒塌時(shí)，很多在門口的人死了，這是怎么回事？如果你站在門口，而門柱向前或向后倒塌的話，你會(huì)被掉下的屋頂壓到。如果門柱向側(cè)面倒塌，你會(huì)被門柱壓住。兩種情況下，你都會(huì)面臨死亡！

7) 不要走樓梯。樓梯與房屋搖晃的頻率不同（樓梯會(huì)與房屋主體分開搖晃）。 樓梯會(huì)與房屋不斷發(fā)生碰撞，直至樓梯毀損。 在樓梯毀損前上樓梯的人們會(huì)因此而受重創(chuàng)實(shí)在是十分可怕！即使房屋沒有倒塌，也要遠(yuǎn)離樓梯。樓梯是房屋中容易被毀壞的一個(gè)部分。 即使在地震中樓梯沒有倒塌，之后也會(huì)因超載逃難的人們而崩塌。 人們應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查樓梯的安全性，即便房屋的其他部分未被毀壞。

8) 盡可能的靠近房屋的墻的外側(cè)或遠(yuǎn)離房屋。

比起靠近墻的內(nèi)側(cè)來，墻的外側(cè)更為安全。越是遠(yuǎn)離外頭、靠近房屋內(nèi)部，你逃生路線被擋的可能性也就越大。

9) 當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)，車內(nèi)的人會(huì)因從上方砸落的立交公路壓到汽車而受傷，這一幕發(fā)生在了Nimitz Freeway高速公路上。 San Francisco地震的受害者們都因呆在車內(nèi)而喪生。 他們本可以下車并靠坐或躺在車旁的。 每一個(gè)喪生的人都本可以通過下車并躺坐在車旁生存下來的。所有被壓垮的汽車旁邊都有一個(gè)3英尺高的空間，除非車是被垂直砸穿的。

10) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)，在那些堆有很多紙的報(bào)社或者其他辦公室中，倒塌后的情況會(huì)好一些。因?yàn)榧堫^柔軟抗沖擊，所以在大堆紙旁邊會(huì)形成很大的空間。