聽ｕｓｅｄ　ｔｏ談“過去”

陳麗華

本單元的主人公used to似乎很懷舊，一出口就是“過去常常”，具有鮮明的時態特點，讓我們近距離一一道來：

1. “主語+used to+動詞原形+其它”。在這個句型結構中used to的含義為“過去常常”。表示過去的習慣，暗示現在已無此習慣，請看圖：

Bill在過去幾年中一直在一家factory中工作，但現在他在supermarket中工作，所以Bill used to work in a factory. 隱含的意思是：Bill worked in a factory before but he doesnt work there now.

2. 我們可以說I used to work.../She used to have.../they used to be...等等，也就是說used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to后面接動詞原形。

請看例句：

·Lily has got short hair now but it used to be very long. 麗莉現在梳短發，但以前她是長發。

注意：

①used to的否定形式是I didnt use to ....

·When I was a child, I didnt use to like tomatoes. 當我還是個孩子時，我不喜歡吃西紅柿。

②問句形式是Did ... use to ...?

·Did you use to be a teacher? 你過去是老師嗎？

3. used to這個詞組只用于講述過去，我們不能用use to來講述現在。

·I used to play tennis. These days I play golf. （不說I use to play golf.）

·We usually get up early.（不說We use to get up early）

詞語辨析：

1. used to和would

①used to和would都可表示過去的習慣或行為，常可換用。

When we were children we used to/would go skating every winter. 我們小時候每年冬天都去滑冰。

②used to含有較強的“今昔對比”的含義，而would無此含義。

I do not swim so often as I used to.我不像過去那樣常游泳了。（不能用would代替）

He would sometimes work into the night. 以前他常工作到深夜。（不表示現在他不工作到深夜）

③用would時，有時應有時間狀語來加以限制，而used to則可無時間狀語。

He would go to see Mother every vacation. （那時）他每個假期都去看望媽媽。

He isnt what he used to be. 他不再是過去的他了。

2. used to do和be used to doing.

①be used to 是“習慣于”某一客觀事實和狀態，不強調動作，to是介詞，后面接名詞或動名詞。

He is used to hard work. 他習慣于艱苦的工作。

②get（或become）used to指的是從不習慣到習慣這一過程的轉變，另外，它往往包含著克服困難去適應的意思。

You will soon get used to the weather here. 你很快就會習慣這里的天氣的。

【鞏固練習】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇。

1. I ______ frustrated when I wasnt sure of the correct answer.

A. may be B. used to C. used to be D. use to be

2. When I was a child, I used to ______ chocolate.

A. liking B. like C. liked D. likes

3. ______ work in Microsoft?

A. Did you used to B. Did you use to C. Do you used to D. Do you use to

4. —David ______ to be heavy, didnt he?

—Yes, he ______. But he isnt heavy now.

A. uses; does B. used; did C. used; do D. uses; did

5. My aunt used to ______ dinner in the restaurant, but now shes used to ______ herself.

A. have; cooking B. having; cooking C. having; cook D. have; cook

Ⅱ. 看圖，用used to完成句子。

1. She used to have long hair.

2. Hefootball.

3.a taxi driver.

4. .

5. This building .

Ⅲ. 根據括號內的要求完成下面句子, 每空 一詞，含縮寫。

1. Tom used to watch TV.(改為否定句)

Tom ______ ______ ______ watch TV.

2. Helen used to play computer games a lot every day. (改為一般疑問句)

______ Helen ______ ______ play computer games a lot every day?

3. Eric used to be very thin. (改為反意疑問句)Eric used to be very thin, ______ ______?

Keys: Ⅰ. 1. C2. B3. B4. B5. AⅡ. 2. He used to play football.3. She used to be a taxi driver. 4. He used to wear glasses.5. This building used to be new.Ⅲ. 1. didnt use to / used not to2. Did; use to 3. didnt / he