在英語學科訓練體系中提高教師的能力與素質

一、試題評價與分析

例題一：—How old is your little sister? （調研測試題第二題中第4題）

—. We had a special party for herbirthday last Saturday.

A. Nine， ninthB. Nine， nine C. Ninth， ninth

(Answer: A)

評價與分析： 此題注重對英語基礎知識的考查(基數詞和序數詞的用法) 。它關注學生的學習經驗和興趣，精選終身學習必備的基礎知識和基本技能，有利于各種程度的學生都能考出自己的實際水平，體現了試卷難易適度的原則。同時，學生掌握好基數詞和序數詞的用法，對他們今后學習時間、日期的表達很有幫助。

例題二：— What’s your favorite ________? （道外區英語試卷第27題）

—Oranges.

A. colorB. fruitC. juice（Answer: B）

評價與分析：該題重點考查學生對詞匯orange基本詞義的理解。Orange有3個意思：桔子、桔色、桔子汁。學生通過注意其名詞復數的形式，確定本題意思為“桔子”，從而確定題意是問水果，故選B。該題的考查體現了基礎性及知識性，同時也提醒教師在平時的教學中，要重視對基礎詞匯多義性的講解，并給予適當的知識拓寬。

例題三： —Do you know Harbin will hold the 24th World Winter University Games?

—Oh， really?What _______good news it is！ （南崗區英語試卷第21題）

A. aB. the C. / （Answer: C）

評價與分析：冠詞是初中階段出現頻率較高的一個考點。感嘆句的用法在八年級上冊Unit 3 Topic 2 What sweet music!用一個話題的容量讓學生領會掌握。而本題很好地把冠詞和感嘆句結合到一起。不用冠詞的場合之一就是冠詞不放在不可數名詞前。而這一點又可以在感嘆句的句型What + 形容詞 + 不可數名詞 + 主語 + 謂語中得到驗證。本題也把2009年哈爾濱將舉辦第24屆世界冬季大學生運動會這一時事在不知不覺中傳遞給學生。

例題四：Which sign means “recycling”? （香坊區調研測試第二題第34題）

評價與分析：本題能夠促進英語課程內容與社會、與學生實際生活之間的聯系，這也是新課標對教學的要求之一。通過對身邊的圖示觀察，讓學生了解“循環利用”的標志，有利于培養學生的環保意識。同時，這兩道題（例題三、例題四）都緊貼現實生活和實踐，與學生聯系密切。

例題五：The earth is our home， we must take good care of it. This 1 to keep the land， air and water clean. But 2 is a serious problem. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution appears in 3 forms. We can see it， smell it and drink it. Pollution is beginning to do 4 to our health and even to our life.

Man has been polluting the earth from the time when he first made his fire. Pollution is caused by washing his clothes in the river and throwing his rubbish on the ground， too. Long， long ago， the problem was not so 5 because there were not so many people. There are more and more people in the world. From last century， man had 6 the world more and more and the environment was 7worse and worse.

Talking about pollution， we once only meant air pollution. It is true that air pollution is still the most dangerous now， but it is only one kind of pollutions. For example，8 using poison， we have polluted the land and killed the fish and so on.

The 9 people there are， the more rubbish there will be. In my opinion， if we want to stop pollution， we should keep the population 10 growing too fast. If so， our life will become better and better.（調研測試題完形填空）

() 1.A.mean B.meansC.meant

() 2.A.pollution B.airC.water

() 3.A.littleB.much C.many

() 4.A.harm B.harms C.harming

() 5.A.importantB.serious C.helpful

() 6.A.polluteB.pollutingC.polluted

() 7.A.gettingB.gotC.get

() 8.A.inB.onC.by

() 9.A.the mostB.moreC.most

() 10.A. with B.forC.from

(Answers： 1.B2. A3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. C9.B10.C)

評價與分析：這是一篇科普文章。此題開篇點明主題，即：地球是我們的家園，必須照顧好它。接下來談了當今的社會熱點：環境污染問題。通過閱讀此篇文章，讓學生明白了一個道理——應該從小保護環境。它不僅能考查學生對詞匯、詞組、語法、句型和常識邏輯等語言基礎知識的掌握和正確使用語法知識的能力，而且也考查了學生的閱讀理解能力、推理和情景等方面綜合理解和運用語言的能力。此題從知識點考查上來說包含了動詞、名詞、介詞、副詞及其時態、短語do harm to， keep from doing等用法。要求學生在掌握這些基礎知識的同時，還要從語篇層次上把握語言材料。對語言知識判斷、推理等方面能力進行全方位的測試。充分體現了考查的知識點多，綜合性強的特點。

例題六：道外區測試題（八）書面表達A。根據漢語提示寫5句話，在世界環境日到來之際，某校八年一班的學生以環保為話題，談論自己經常做哪些保護環境的事情。下面是部分同學的發言摘記。請根據表格提供的信息寫5句話，要求用上所有的信息，不同的句式并表明自己的觀點。

NameActivity

Zhang HuaClean all the garbage from the street

WeiFangCelebrate Earth Day by planting trees

LiuChangDoing the three R’s

I …

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.（答案：略）

評價與分析：本題通過語境的創設，使枯燥的語法知識考查變得親切、平和，同時注重學生在真實情景中正確使用語言的能力，具有開放性和探究性。題目要求學生發表自己的觀點，這樣就擴大了學生思維探究的空間，激發了學生的興趣，發揮了學生的學習潛能，使得學生在實際運用中提高綜合運用語言的能力。

二、試題創編

創編題一：This is an1boy.2 name is Bill. He is3.He is a good friend of4.We are in No.2 Middle School.5teacher’s name is Li Yang. She is a woman.6 is a good teacher and teaches7English. We all like8. Bill is good 9 English. He often 10me with my English.

1.A. AmericanB. AmericaC .USA

2 A. He B. Her C. His

3.A. twoB. twelveC. twenty

4.A. me B. my C. mine

5.A. WeB. OurC. Ours

6.A. SheB. Her C. Hers

7.A. we B. usC. our

8.A. sheB. hers C. her

9.A. at B. with C. in

10.A. help B. helping C. helps

創編說明: 初中生對人稱代詞4種形式的應用是一個教學難點，學生對其用法常常混淆，故創編此題。其中第2、4、5、6、7、8題分別是對人稱代詞的主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞，名詞性物主代詞進行考查，弄清楚他們的用法和區別，有助于學生對人稱代詞四種形式的掌握。

創編題二：交際英語——從方框中選擇適當的選項補全對話

Jane: Hello!

Tom:Hi， Jane 1

Jane: Yes， 2

Tom:3 Would you like to go the West Hill for a picnic?

Jane: 4

Tom: 5

Jane: Sure， I will call her.

Tom: Do not forget to bring your guitar.

Jane: All right. See you then.

Tom: See you.

A. Are you free this Sunday?

B. Please tell Mary about it.

C. This is Tom speaking.

D. What is up?

E. Oh， I would love to.

F. Are you Jane?

G. Who are you?

（Answer: 1C， 2D， 3A， 4E， 5B）

創編說明：交際英語是初中英語教學的一個重要方面，許多學生把英語當成知識來學。實際上，英語是門應用學科，學的目的是為了應用。在西方國家中，用電話進行交流是常用的交際手段之一。在英語中，這種交流有著獨自的特征。而中國學生往往受漢語影響，講的中式英語，有時會造成不必要的誤解，故創編此題。

創編題三: Tom with his classmates ______ an English lesson now.

A. have B. are havingC. is having （Answer: C）

比較原題：Maria and her classmates ______ volleyball.

A. is playingB. are playing C. playing (Answer: B)

創編說明：英語中要求主謂一致。原題中的主語為Maria and her classmates，并列主語中間用連詞and 連接，為復數，故動詞用復數。而創編題的主語為Tom， 盡管后面接了一個with 短語做修飾語，真正的主語還是Tom，所以動詞仍需用單數，此類題型學生常常出錯，所以要讓學生多做練習，形成這種語言運用的能力。

創編題四: —How many girls went to Russia?

—_________________. (Answer：None)

創編說明: Nobody，No one， None， Nothing這4個不定代詞經常在測試卷中出現，學生卻常常把它們弄混。None后可接of短語，可指人，也可指物，謂語動詞可用單數，也可用復數?；卮餒ow many/How much 引導的特殊疑問句。No one 只能指人，后不接of短語，謂語動詞只能用單數，回答Who引導的特殊疑問句。Nothing什么也沒有，回答What 引導的特殊疑問句。Nobody表示沒人。 針對此題可以對4個詞進行詳細講解，以使學生區分記憶。

三、反思矯正題

反思矯正題一：本次阿城區調研測試中得分率最低的題是任務型閱讀，得分率為50%。 從答卷情況來看，學生對語法知識掌握的不扎實。針對這種情況，筆者對本學期學習的短文The Sound of Music進行創編，作為反思矯正題。

任務型閱讀：

先閱讀短文，然后根據要求及所給語境完成兩列4項任務。

livedie belone America

A

The Sound of Music is one of the most poplar1movies. It is a story about a young woman2in Austria. Her name was Maria. She went to the Von Trapp family to care for seven children.

Mrs. Von Trapp3， and the family4very sad and tired. The children cried and shouted every day. The father was5 and often became angry because of the noisy children.

B

Maria taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short， funny plays to cheer themselves up. The father was almost mad at first， but the smiling faces of his children pleased him and made him happy again.

任務一、用所給單詞的正確形式填空：

1. _________2. _________3.__________

4._________5._________

任務二、單詞釋義：

1. p to do something to amuse people.

2. m ill in the mind.

任務三、同義句轉換：

The father was lonely and often became angry because of the noisy children.

The father was lonely and often became the noisy children.

任務四、 根據短文內容簡答問題：

Was the father happy or sad at last?

(Answers:任務一： 1.American2.living3.died 4.were5.lonely；任務二： 1.perform 2.mad；任務三： angry with；任務四： Happy )

在教學中，若能將所學的閱讀短文改編成任務型閱讀的形式讓學生去做，學生的能力會很快地提高。

反思矯正題二：針對學生在阿城統考試卷中完形填空失分較多這一情況，我們在今后的教學中應加大對完形填空的訓練，培養學生的答題能力，綜合分析能力。在此我們挑選了一道難度適中的完形填空題讓學生練習。希望通過對這道題的講解，使學生掌握完形填空的基本做法，同時也希望對學生在學習英語詞匯，訓練聽說能力方面，有所幫助。

完形填空：

When learning new vocabulary， don’t just memorize (記住) a list of words. Instead， try to1five sentences using each new word. Then use the new word as often as you can2day you learn it. This3you will remember new words much longer.Practicing sounds， you know， is，4 the “th” sound for example. Choose words that begin 5“th” and repeat them over and over again6you are comfortable with them. Let’s try! This， that， those， them， think， thought through， thin， thick ...

Read，read， read in English， of course! Reading is one of the best ways to increase your vocabulary7improve your grammar in a natural and fun way. Be 8to choose topics or books you are interested in.

When someone is talking in English，9the main point. If you hear a word you don't understand， ignore it and go on listening. If you stop and think about the word， you will 10 everything else the person is saying.

Always remember—Practice makes perfect.

( )1.A.sayB. makeC. remember

( )2.A.the first B. the secondC. each

( )3.A.dayB. time C. way

( )4.A.difficult B. terrible C. funny

( )5.A.with B. from C. at

()6.A.whenB. after C. until

( )7.A.and B. so C. or

( )8.A.quickB. sureC. important

( )9.A.look forB. seeC. listen for

( )10.A.miss B. guessC. get

(Answers：1. B2.A3.C4.A5.A6. C7A8.B9.C10.A詳細分析略)

對學生完形填空能力的培養是對學生英語學習綜合素質的培養，它涉及到聽說讀寫的各個方面，除英語水平的提高外，解題技巧也需注意。

反思矯正題三：初中英語中的書面表達，對學生來講是一個難題。寫作能力的培養應從基本的寫句子開始。寫句子應包括：造句、句型操練、時態翻譯、話題說明等。下面是針對怎樣過節的話題訓練。

親愛的同學們，節日即將來臨，你想怎樣度過呢？下面是幾個學生的打算，請你根據表格的信息用不同的句式寫出5個句子。要求用上所有的信息并表明自己的觀點。

NamePlans

MariaPlay football

Michael Visit the Great Wall

Jane and TomFly Kites

I…

( The Answers for reference: 1.Maria is going to play football with her friends；2.Michael will visit the Great Wall with his parents；3.Jane and Tom would like to fly kites in the park.；4.I plan to stay home and do my homework；5.I think different students have different things to do. )

若能讓學生每天寫5個句子，堅持下去，一定會有收獲。以上是我們此次交流活動的一些作法和粗淺體會，目的在于拋磚引玉，敬請各位專家、同仁指正。