冠詞是高考中的一個(gè)??键c(diǎn)。因此,掌握冠詞的用法,是高考備考的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。
冠詞是虛詞,用于名詞之前,說明所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an)和定冠詞(the),現(xiàn)將其主要用法歸納如下:
一、不定冠詞的用法
不定冠詞只能位于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,表示泛指某類人或事物中的“一個(gè)”或者“任何一個(gè)”,也可指“每一”“某一”“同一”等。如:
My father is a farmer. 我父親是農(nóng)民。(表類別)
A horse is an animal which has four legs. 馬是一種有四只腳的動物。(任一)
A beautiful lady is waiting for you outside. 一個(gè)漂亮的女子正在外邊等你。(某一)
You should take the medicine four times a day. 你應(yīng)每天服藥四次。(每一)
You shoes and mine are of a size . 你的鞋和我的鞋是同一個(gè)尺寸(同一)
還可用于某些固定詞組中。如:many a time許多次,have a word with sb.同某人談一談,lend a hand幫助,make a noise吵鬧,make a face做鬼臉,play a part in在……中起作用,take an action采取行動,tell a lie說謊,a waste of浪費(fèi),at a time一次,do a good deed做一件好事,have a go試一試,have a good time玩得開心。
二、定冠詞的用法
用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,或者用于不可數(shù)名詞前,特指某(些)人或物,表示“這,這些,那,那些”,這是定冠詞the的基本用法。另外,指上文提過的人或物,或者指談話雙方都知道的人或物也可歸為“特指”這類用法。如:
The students in the classroom are taking a test.教室里的那些學(xué)生正在考試。(基本用法)
I bought a bike yesterday. But the bike was stolen today. 昨天我買了一輛單車。但這輛單車今天被偷了。(指上文提到過的單車)
When you leave, remember to close the door. 當(dāng)你離開時(shí)記住關(guān)門。(指談話雙方都知道的門)
定冠詞還有以下幾種用法:
(1)用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前、序數(shù)詞前、形容詞的最高級前、由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:
The Venus is nearer to the sun than the earth. 金星比地球離太陽更近。(獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前)
It’s the first time that I have been to Shanghai. 這是我第一次去上海。(序數(shù)詞前)
She is the most beautiful girl in her class. 她是我班中最漂亮的女生。(最高級前)
the Changjiang River 長江(普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞)
(2)用于帶介詞的方位名詞前、play后的西洋樂器名詞之前。如:
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國東面。
Mr. Huang often plays the violin in the evening. 黃老師經(jīng)常在晚上拉小提琴。
(3)用在某些形容詞前,表示某一類人或事物。如:the poor窮人,the old 老人,the wounded 傷員,the ugly 丑陋的事物。
(4)用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示某某夫婦或某某一家人。如:
The Lins will move to Guangzhou. 林家將搬去廣州。
(5)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,表示一類人或物。如:
The car is a very important transporting tool in some large cities. 在一些大城市里,小車是一種重要的交通工具。
(6)在“the + 比較級 + the + 比較級”句型中,表示“越……越……”。如:
The higher you stand, the farther you will see. 你站得越高,你看得越遠(yuǎn)。
(7)用在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:in the morning 在早上,on the whole 大體上,to tell you the truth 老實(shí)說,at the same time 同時(shí),in the past 過去,on the radio 通過廣播,by the day 按日計(jì),to the point 中肯。
針對性練習(xí)
一、單句填空 在下列句中填空a, an或the。
1. When having supper, my mother often place _______ spoon on the table before her.
2. They come from _______ village in the northwest.
3. _______ knife is used to cut something.
4. In summer, my son often asks me to buy him _______ ice-cream.
5. The girl made _______ effort to learn English.
6. Some farmers make _______ living by growing vegetables.
7. Jumping out of _______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _______ exciting experience.
8. Mr. Zhang goes home to see his parents four times _______ month.
9. _______ knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
10. His sister is _______ university student.
11. Helping you with your English is _______ honorable task.
12. There is _______ “m” in the word “family”.
13. ________ bike under the tree is Mr. Li’s.
14. Could I open _______ window, please?
15. There is no absolute peace in _______ world.
16. After watching TV, she played ______ piano for two hours.
17. Who was _______ last one leaving the classroom?
18. _______ computer is a very common tool now.
19. I will have been married for eight years by ______ end of 2008.
20. _______ faster you run, the sooner you will reach the end point.
21. The cruel stepmother often hits the little girl in ______ face.
22. ______ New York Times is welcomed by many people.
23. ______ blind should be taken good care of.
24. Guangxi lies on _______ west of GuangDong.
25. _______ Chens are very popular in our town.
26. Mr. Li bought a new mobile phone yesterday. But ______ mobile phone doesn’t work today.
二、語篇填空 在下列短文的空格處填入a, an或the。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about1discussion we’ve had about whether2entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on3question. 60%of4students are against5idea of entrance fees. They believe6public park should be free of charge. People need7place where they can rest and enjoy themselves Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to8appearance of9city.
On10other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
答案與點(diǎn)撥:
一、單句填空
1. a表示某類事物中的一個(gè)。
2. a沒具體說明是哪個(gè)村。
3. A指某類事物中的任何一個(gè)。
4. an指事物種類。
5. an固定短語:make an effort 努力。
6. 固定短語a make a living 謀生。
7. an. an前者指某類事物中的一個(gè),后者表示“一次”。
8. a 表示“每一”。
9. A指一門知識。
10. a指一類人。
11. an指一類事物,意為“一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)”。
12. an 表示數(shù)量“一個(gè)”,字母m以元音音素[e]開頭。
13. The特指樹下的單車。
14. the指雙方都知道的事物。
15. the指獨(dú)一無二的東西,只有一個(gè)世界。
16. the用于play后的樂器名稱之前。
17. the序數(shù)詞前。
18. The表示一類事物。
19. the固定搭配。
20. The 是the more..., the more結(jié)構(gòu)。
21. the打某人某個(gè)部位,部位名詞前用the。
22. The由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。
23. The 因“the+ 形容詞”表示一類人。
24. the在方位名詞前。
25. The 因“the +姓的復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人。
26. the指上文提過的東西。
二、語篇填空
1. the特指已作出的決定。
2. an表示種類。
3. the表示上文提到過的事物。
4. the表示提過的人,指“我們”。
5. the表示特指。
6. a表示某類事物。
7. a指一個(gè)地方。
8. the表示特指。
9. a泛指一個(gè)城市。
10. the慣用短語。
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青