解答英語閱讀理解題的四個步驟

在高考英語試卷中，閱讀理解是重頭戲。因此，掌握閱讀技巧，加快閱讀速度，提高解題效率對考生來說非常重要。本文結合2008年高考(廣東卷)英語閱讀理解B篇為例談談如何運用閱讀技巧來提高閱讀效率。

一、高考真題

Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way， you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes， and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics， but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge， it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.

Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look， the way you act， the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly， our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately， most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.

The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is， make a list if you need to， but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.

It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well， roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math， find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile， get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends， buy a few new clothes. But remember， just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.

The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective， and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back， you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!

46. You need to build a positive self-image when you __________.

A. dare to challenge yourself

B. feel it hard to change yourself

C. are unconfident about yourself

D. have a high opinion of yourself

47. According to the passage， our self-images __________.

A. have a positive effects

B. are probably untrue

C. are often changeable

D. have different functions

48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage?

A. To keep a different image of others.

B. To make your life successful.

C. To understand your own world.

D. To change the way you think.

49. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to prepare for your success.

B. How to face challenges in you life.

C. How to build a positive self-image.

D. How to develop your good qualities.

50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?

A. Parents.B. Adolescents.

C. Educators.D. People in general.

二、解題四步曲

1. 讀全文，明大意。

閱讀理解首先是對文章中心思想的理解。本文為議論文，要快速捕捉本文的大意，考生首先要特別注意文章的首段或尾段，以及各個小段的主題句。在議論文中，作者通常在文章的開頭就提出論述的觀點，因此，反映主旨大意的主題句往往會出現在文章的首段。同樣，各個小段要論述的小觀點也往往位于該段的段首。當然，有些文章也會先擺出事實，然后對事實或現象進行剖析，最后得出結論，在這種情況下，考生就應該特別注意文章的結尾段以及各個小段的結尾句了。掌握了方法，通過快速瀏覽各段，很快就能找出體現全文以及各段大意的關鍵句。如閱讀本文可重點理解以下各句即可掌握文章大意：

第一段的末句：If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge， it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.

第二段的末尾兩句：Unfortunately， most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.

第三段的首句：The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.

第四段的前兩句：It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well， roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task.”。

第五段的首句：The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective， and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.

通過略讀以上各句，我們很快得知，作者在文章首段提出了論述的觀點“要建立積極向上的自我形象”，從第二段到最后一段，作者在闡述如何消除消極的自我形象，建立積極向上的自我形象。因此，第49題應選C，即：文章闡述了如何建立積極向上的自我形象。選項A、B、D都太空泛了。

2. 讀題干，作標記。

通過瀏覽全文，懂得了文章的結構，理解了文章的脈絡，把握了文章的主旨大意后，要學會結合四個選項看題干，并劃出題干中的關鍵詞，如46，47，48，50的題干，可作標記為：

46. You need to build a positive self-image when you __________.

47. According to the passage， our self-images __________.

48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage?

50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?

3. 帶著關鍵詞，找出對應句。

在題干中作標記，旨在方便我們在回讀文章時，能快速在文章中找到題干中關鍵詞所出沒的句子或段落，為選擇該題答案找到依據。

如第46題，考生根據該題干中的關鍵詞“to build a positive self-image”和“when”，很快從Para1（第一段）最后一句“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge， it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.”中找到對應的句子和關鍵詞“build a positive self-image”和“it is time”，據此可知當“對自己缺乏自信”時，就要建立積極的自我形象，因此該題應該選擇C項。

又如第47題，考生可以根據該題干中的關鍵詞“our self-images”，從Para 2 （第二段）的第三和第四句“Interestingly， our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately， most of these images are more negative than they should be.” 中找到對應的句子和關鍵詞“our self-images”，可知，“our self-images”與我們在別人心目中self-images通常是截然不同的。不幸的是，我們卻更多從消極態度上來看待“our self-images”。再結合第五段首句中your image is far from objective （你的形象遠非客觀的）來理解，完全可以肯定該題應該選擇B，即“our self-images”很可能是與事實真相不一致的。而選項A，不全面；選項C， 與對應句意思不符；選項D，句中所提是image所包含的內容而并非“different functions”(不同的功能)。

再如第48題，考生可以根據該題干中的關鍵詞“How”和“change your self-image”，從Para2 （第二段）的最后一句“Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.”中找到對應的句子和關鍵詞“change your self-image”可知該題選擇D（改變你的思維方式）為正確的答案。而其余選項均與原文不相符。

4. 比較選項看差異，斟酌原文定答案。

對一時難以確定答案的試題，要認真比較四個選項，找出差異，然后仔細斟酌原文的相關句子，才可選出最佳的選項。如：第50題“Who are the intended readers of the passage?” 考生要從四個選項中選出哪一個為最佳答案，首先要比較四個選項的差異。如：A. Parents（父母）， B. Adolescents（青少年）， C. Educators（教育學家）， D. People in general（一般人）。顯然，A、B、C選項均涉及到人的身份，而A、B選項還有年齡上的限定，而D項則較為空泛，沒有限定。比較中找出差異后，考生便可以快速回讀原文的各個段落，找出文章中是否有明確地提到與身份和年齡有關的人物。考生從文章第一段中的第四句“Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes， and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics， but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves.”中確實可以找到涉及身份與年齡限定的相關字眼，如：我們是父母的掌上明珠，奶奶心中的天才，在叔叔心目中有能力參加奧運的人。因此，選項B. Adolescents（青少年）才是最佳的答案。

總之，考生在解答閱讀理解題時，先讀原文通大意， 再讀題干作標記， 找出范圍對應句，比較選項看差異，不僅僅可以節省時間，而且還可以提高答題的準確性。誠然，上述的閱讀理解的四個步驟是互相聯系、相輔相成的，考生在解題時要靈活運用。

責任編校蔣小青