“強調”之法

英語中有時為了需要，經常要強調句子中的某一成分，要用到一些強調句型。英語中常見的用來表示強調的句型有以下幾種。

1. It is / was + 被強調部分 + that + 其他成分(其中被強調部分主語#65380;賓語#65380;狀語，但不能是定語或謂語)如:

It was I who / that met him in the park this morning.(強調主語)

今天早上正是我在公園里遇見了他。

It was him that I met in the park this morning.(強調主語)

今天早上我在公園里遇見的正是他。

It was in the park that I met him this morning.(強調地點狀語)

今天早上我正是在公園里遇見了他。

It was this morning that I met him in the park.(強調時間狀語)

正是在今天早上我在公園里遇見了他。

It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school today.(強調原因狀語)

今天他沒去上學是因為他生病了。

注意

(1)如果原句中謂語動詞使用的是現在范疇的時態(一般現在時#65380;現在進行時#65380;現在完成 / 現在完成進行時#65380;一般將來時#65380;將來進行時#65380;將來完成時等)用It is...that...。如果原句中謂語動詞為過去范疇的時態(一般過去時#65380;過去進行時#65380;過去完成時#65380;過去將來時等)則用It was...that...。如:

It was Peter who / that got the first place in the final exam.

正是彼特在期末考試中得了第一名。

It is not everyone who / that can pass the collge entrance exam.

高考并不是每個人都能上線。

(2)強調句型的一般疑問句只需把is / was提前，它的特殊疑問句只需在一般疑問句前加上疑問詞。如:

Was it Smith who / that broke the window?

是史密斯打碎窗子的嗎?

Who was it that broke the window?

是誰打碎了窗子?

(3)not...until...的強調句式:當被強調的是not...until...句型時，應將not置于until之前，主句由否定句改為肯定句。如:

We didn’t recognize her until she took off her glasses.

她把眼鏡拿了， 我們才認出她。

It was not until she took off her glasses that we recognized her.

注意

Not until she took off her glasses did we recognize her. (此句為否定詞not位于句首， 句子要用部分倒裝)

(4)幾種易混句式的區別。

① 強調句與主語從句的區別:

“It is / was + 形容詞 / 分詞 / 名詞 + that從句”是主語從句，它譯成中文時不可加上“正是……”“就是……”之類字眼，若刪去“It is / was...that...”，則原句不成立。而強調句型若刪去“It is / was...that / who...”，原句結構與語意均完整，譯成中文時，常可加上“正是……”“就是……”之類字眼。如:

It is true that he is honest.(主語從句)

他真的很誠實。

It is known to all that China is a country with a long history.(主語從句)

眾所周知，中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。

It was here that he fell off his bicycle.(強調句)

這正是他從自行車上摔下來的地方。

②含有定語從句的強調句型(在被強調的名詞后再設計一個以該名詞為先行詞的定語從句，這時不要把定語從句當作強調句)。如:

It was this school where(in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.

正是這所他曾經學習過的學校給了他教學的機會。

③強調句型與狀語從句的區別:

It was at 7:00 that I arrived.(強調句型，強調時間狀語at 7:00)

正是在7:00時， 我到了。

It was 7:00 when I arrived.(時間狀語從句，在7:00前無介詞at)

當我到達時， 時間是7:00。

It was two years ago that I began to learn drawing.(強調句型，前后時態一致)

正是在兩年前我開始學習繪畫。

It is(has been) two years since I began to learn drawing.(since引導的時間狀語從句，前后時態不一致)

自從我學習繪畫以來已經有兩年了。

It was two years before they came to see us.(時間狀語從句)

過了兩年后他們才來看我們。

It was two years later that they came to see us.(強調句型)

正是兩年后他們才來看我們的。

It won’t be long before we graduate from the school.(時間狀語從句)

不久我就將畢業了。

It will be two years before we graduate from this university.(時間狀語從句)

再過兩年我們就將大學畢業了。

2. 謂語動詞的強調

It is / was...that...結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，則用助動詞do / does / did + 動詞原形表示。 如:

He did tell all that had happened to him.

他確實把發生在他身上的事情都說了。

She does get up early every day.

她每天的確起得很早。

Mary， do come to my birthday party tonight.

瑪麗，今天晚上請一定要來參加我的生日晚會。

3. 用形容詞very， only， single， such等來修飾名詞來表示強調。 如:

This is the very book that I’m looking for.

這正是我在找的書。

He is the only one of the students who passed the English test.

他是英語測試唯一及格的學生。

Not a single spelling mistake did he make in the composition.

在作文中他沒寫錯一個字。

4. 用倒裝句來強調以加強語氣。如:

Never shall I forget the day when Mr. Wang gave us the first lesson.

我永遠忘不了王老師給我們上第一節課的那一天。

So aloud did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.

他說話聲音很響亮， 人人都能聽得很清楚。

[鞏固練習]

1. —Who is making so much noise in the garden?

—__________ the children.

A. It is B. They are C. It can’t beD. They are

2. An awful accident __________ ， however， occur the other day.

A. does B. did C. has toD. had to

3. —Was __________ Bill， __________ played soccer well， __________ helped the blind man cross the road?

—Yes， you are right. He is always ready to help others.

A. it; that; whoB. which; that; that

C. who; which; thatD. it; who; that

4. It was not until 1920 __________ regular radio broadcasts began.

A. while B. which C. thatD. since

5. It was only when I reread his poems recently __________ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A. until B. that C. beforeD. when

6. In fact __________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

A. this B. that C. thereD. it

7. __________ on Monday night that all this happened?

A. Is it B. Is that C. Was itD. Was that

8. I __________ see him in the hospital yesterday.

A. really B. do C. didD. was

9. It was because of the bad weather __________ the football match had to be put off.

A. so B. that C. whyD. so that

10. —__________ you got in touch with Mr. Smith?

—Through a friend of mine.

A. How was it thatB. How aws it

C. It was how thatD. Was it how that

參考答案1—5 ABDCB6—10 DCCBA

編輯/梁宇清