高中英語語法系列——形容詞和副詞

劉守君

[知識梳理]

一、形容詞的概念與用法

形容詞(adjective)用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特征。它可在句中充當定語,修飾名詞、代詞;可以作表語或賓(主)語的補足語,表示主語或賓語的狀態、特征;有時也可以作狀語。如:

This is abeautifulschool.這是一所美麗的學校。(作定語,修飾名詞school)

I have somethingimportantto tell you.我有些重要的事要告訴你們。(作定語,修飾不定代詞something)

Our school isbeautiful.我們學校很美麗。(作表語)

Well make our schoolmore beautiful.我們要使我們的學校更美麗。(作賓補)

Our school will be mademore beautiful.我們的學校將會變得更美麗。(作主補)

He got home late that night,hungry and tired.那天晚上他很遲才回來,又累又餓。(作狀語)

二、副詞的概念與用法

副詞(adverb)用以修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞。它在句中主要作狀語,個別副詞也可作表語、定語、或賓(主)語補足語。

He studieshard.他學習很努力。(作狀語,修飾動詞)

Imterriblysorry for being late. 非常抱歉,我遲到了。(作狀語,修飾形容詞)

This coat fits himverywell.這件上衣他穿著很合適。(作狀語,修飾副詞)

The peoplehereare kind to us.這里的人對我們很好。(作定語,修飾The people)

When will you beback? 你什么時候回來?(作表語)

三、形容詞與副詞的轉換

有的形容詞加上ly后可轉換成副詞,規則如下:

注意:friendly, motherly, lovely等詞雖然以ly結尾,但不是副詞,而是形容詞。

四、復合形容詞

五、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級構成

1. 規則變化

2. 特殊變化

六、常用形容詞、副詞比較句型

七、需要注意的幾點

1. 避免漏用系動詞be。

[譯]我今天很忙。

[誤]I very busy today.

[正]I am very busy today.

2. 避免修飾錯誤。

[誤] She studies more better than I.

[正] She studies much better than I.

3. 避免產生岐義。

[譯]我比她更喜歡那個男孩。

[誤]I like the boy better than her.(還可以理解為:我喜歡那個男孩勝過喜歡她)

[正]I like the boy better than she.

4. 避免比較對象不一致。

[誤] Her spoken English is as good as I.

[正] Her spoken English is as good as mine.

[正] She speaks English as well as I.

5. 避免自己與自己比較。

[誤]He runs faster than any student in his class.

[正]He runs faster than any other student in his class.

[正]He runs faster than anybody else in his class.

[正]He runs faster than (all) the other students in his class.

[正]He runs faster than (all) the others in his class.

[正]He runs faster than any of the other students.

[正]He runs (the) fastest (of the boys) in his class.

6. 從句中“替代”或“省略”時,應使結構清楚、正確。

I spend as much time watching TV as he does ______(write). (Key: writing)

[靈活運用]

一、單句填空

按照下面句子結構的語法性,在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的適當形式填空。

1. If there were no examinations, we should have a much ______(happy) time at school.

2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______(well) known for his plays.

3. —How did you find your visit to the museum?

—I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was far _______(interesting) than I expected.

4. I was expecting much ______ (big) rooms. I was ______ (terrible) disappointed.

5. You are so good to me. I am the ______ (lucky) person in the world.

6. As we all know, English is ______(wide) used in the world.

7. A new playground for our children is ______(bad) needed.

8. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a ______(good) voice.

9. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _______(heavy).

10. He is ______(true) happy who makes others happy.

二、句子翻譯

將下列句子翻譯成英語,注意下劃線部分的用法。

1.在場的那些人都是他的朋友。

2. 他這學期取得的進步比上學期大得多。

3. 他說的話聽起來合情合理。

4. 倫敦沒有紐約那么現代。

5. 你準備得越快,我們就離開的越早。

6. 一米是一英尺的三倍多長。

7. 湯姆身高1.8米。

8. 我哥哥比我大兩歲。

9. 米價格比上個月上漲了15%。

10. 找工作比過去越來越困難了。

三、篇章運用

閱讀下面短文,按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空或者將漢語翻譯成英語。

Its ___1___ (legal) to drive under the age of eighteen in America. But a ___2 ___(十八歲的) boy managed to pass a driving test on the day of his eighteenth birthday. Most people would consider this ___3___(possible) because he needed a lot of lessons to pass the test. But he arranged to have a___4___ (六小時的) lesson beginning at dawn on his birthday. At first,he was ___5___(care) and hesitant, but he had a wonderful teacher and his driving improved ___6___(great) during the day. By four in the afternoon,still feeling___7___(energy), he was ready to take his test.

He passed the first time! He was___8___(extreme) shocked and drove home very___9___(slow) in the reddish light because the sun was setting. When he got home,he showed his grandfather his certification and told him his whole story. His grandfather broke into smiles,congratulated him___ 10___(warm) and yelled, “My great kid Like me.”

參考答案

一、單句填空

1. happier。考試與無考試之間進行比較,用比較級。

2. better。寫短篇故事與寫劇本比較“更”有名。

3. more interesting。此處程度副詞far用來修飾比較級。

4. bigger, terribly。我原本盼望更大的房間,所以用比較級。terribly修飾表語disappointed。

5. luckiest。“世上最幸運的”,使用最高級。

6. widely。副詞widely、highly、deeply表示抽象意義,而副詞wide、high、deep表示具體意義,如:His eyes were wide open.。

7. badly。副詞badly修飾被動語態。

8. better。她唱的聲音與所聽的聲音比較,故用比較級。

9. heavily。“下大雨(雪)”的“大”用副詞heavily。

10. truly。諺語“真正幸福的是使人幸福的人”。true變為副詞時要去掉e。

二、句子翻譯

1. The peoplepresentwere all his friends.

2. He has mademuch moreprogress this term than he did last term.

3. What he said soundedreasonable.

4. London isnot so modern asNew York.

5.The quickeryou get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.

6. A metre ismore than three times longerthan a foot.

7. Tom is 1.8 metreshigh.

8. Myelderbrother is two yearsolderthan me.

9. The price of rice is15% higherthan last month.

10. Its gettingmore and more difficultto find a job.

三、篇章運用

本文是講述“他”在18歲生日的那天學習、考試、拿到駕照的經歷。

1. illegal。作表語用形容詞,由句意可知要填表示“非法的”illegal。

2. 18-year-old 用由“數詞+名詞+形容詞”構成的復合形容詞作定語。

3. impossible。作賓補仍用形容詞,只是意義是改用“不可能的”,上下邏輯才通順。

4. six-hour。用由“數詞+名詞”構成的復合形容詞作定語。

5. careful。作表語用形容詞。

6. greatly。修飾謂語動詞improved,作狀語,用副詞。

7. energetic。在系動詞feeling后作表語,用形容詞。

8. extremely。修飾分詞形容詞shocked,作狀語,用副詞。

9. slowly。修飾謂語動詞drove,作狀語,用副詞。

10. warmly。修飾謂語動詞congratulated,作狀語,用副詞。

責任編校蔣小青