攻克“Ｖ－ｉｎｇ”

英語中的非謂語動詞包括現在分詞#65380;過去分詞#65380;不定式和動名詞，是歷年來高考的重中之重#65377;下面結合高考談談V-ing形式的用法#65377;V-ing形式包括現在分詞和動名詞，現在分詞在句子中可以作狀語#65380;定語#65380;賓語補足語#65380;表語或用于獨立主格結構中等，其中用作狀語#65380;賓語補足語是高考的重點;動名詞在句子中可以用作主語#65380;賓語#65380;定語#65380;表語等，其中用作賓語是高考的重點#65377;

1. 現在分詞作方式#65380;伴隨#65380;結果#65380;時間#65380;原因狀語等#65377;

(1)As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not ________，and asked myself what I was going to do.(2007湖南)

A. moved B. moving C. to moveD. being moved

解析 選B#65377;

句意:當交通燈變綠時，我站了一會兒，沒有動，并且問自己我到底準備去干什么#65377;此題考查現在分詞作方式狀語的用法#65377;A項是個陷阱，如選A則stood，moved和asked構成三個并列的謂語，而謂語的否定應是didn’t move，而不是not moved#65377;B項和not構成否定，作方式狀語修飾stood#65377;C項和D項均不符合句意#65377;

(2)He is a student at Oxford University，________ for a degree in computer science.(2007北京)

A. studied B. studying

C. to have studied D. to be studying

解析 選B#65377;

句意:他現在是牛津大學的學生，正在攻讀計算機學位#65377;從句子結構判斷，逗號不能連接兩個句子，因此排除A項，況且A項studied與前面動詞is的時態也不一致，故被排除;根據句意可判斷本題考查現在分詞作伴隨狀語的用法，而C#65380;D兩項不能用作伴隨狀語，故被排除#65377;

(3)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，________ in the natural light during the day.(2007天津)

A. to let B. letting C. letD. having let

解析 選B#65377;

句意:在入口處，玻璃門已取代了木門，這樣白天自然光便可照射進來#65377;此題考查現在分詞作結果狀語的用法#65377;A. 動詞不定式短語to let作目的狀語時，其前面不能用逗號與主句隔開，作結果狀語常以only to do形式出現#65377;C. let為原形，不能用作狀語#65377;D. having let為分詞的完成時態，不合題意#65377;letting為現在分詞，作結果狀語，故選B#65377;

2. 現在分詞用作賓語補足語#65377;

(1)I smell something ________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?(2007全國I)

A. burning B. burnt C. being burntD. to be burnt

解析 選A#65377;

句意:我聞到了廚房中有東西燒焦的味道，呆會兒我再給你打電話好嗎?burnt(燒毀，燒焦)表動作已經完成;being burnt(正在被燒毀，燒焦)表進行時的被動;to be burnt(會被燒毀，燒焦)表將來時的被動;burning(在燒毀，燒焦)不存在人為因素#65377;故選A#65377;

(2)After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother’s voice ________ him.(2007上海)

A. calling B. called C. being calledD. to call

解析 選A#65377;

句意:敲完門后，那個孩子聽見他媽媽叫他#65377;此題考查現在分詞作賓語補足語，賓語與賓語補足語之間的關系在邏輯上為主動關系，故排除B#65380;C項;感官動詞hear加賓語再加不定式作賓語補足語時，該不定式要省略不定式符號to，故排除D項#65377;

3. 現在分詞用作“with + 復合賓語”結構中的賓語補足語#65377;

—Come on， please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work ________ my mind，I almost break down.(2007福建)

A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled

解析 選B#65377;

句意:——快點，請給我一些有關這個項目的建議#65377;——很抱歉，腦子里裝這么多的工作，我幾乎要垮掉了#65377;在with復合結構中，so much work與動詞fill之間是主動關系，故選B#65377;A項表被動關系，如改為With my mind filled with so much work就正確了#65377;C項不定式表示將要發生的動作，在語意上與下文不符#65377;

注意 “with+名詞+現在分詞”表示名詞與動詞是邏輯上的主動關系;“with +名詞+過去分詞” 表示名詞與動詞是邏輯上的被動關系;“with+名詞+不定式”表示不定式的動作在將來發生#65377;如:

With so much homework to do， I have to stay at home.

由于有許多要做的家庭作業，我不得不待在家里(過家庭生活)#65377;

With his homework done， his parents permitted him to watch TV.

由于家庭作業做完了，他的父母準許他看電視#65377;

4. 現在分詞用作定語#65377;

Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon.(2007四川)

A. saidB. says C. sayingD. to say

解析 選C#65377;

句意:彼特剛才收到一封信，信上說他祖母很快就來看他#65377;此題考查動詞的現在分詞作定語，故選C#65377;A項和B項均為謂語動詞，因為沒有并列連詞，兩者均被排除，而D項的不定式作目的狀語，不合語意，故排除#65377;

5. 現在分詞被動結構用于獨立主格結構中#65377;

The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent ________ at the end of last March.(2007山東)

A. has been launched B. having been launched

C. being launched D. to be launched

解析 選B#65377;

句意:這個國家已經發射了三艘無人駕駛宇宙飛船，最近的一艘于去年三月底發射#65377;A項使后半部分成為一個分句，但兩個分句之間無關聯詞，故排除;B項表示該動作已經被完成，C項表示該動作正在發生，D項表示該動作將要被完成#65377;依題中的時間狀語，該動作已經被完成，故選B#65377;

6. 現在分詞用作時間狀語和原因狀語#65377;

Arriving at the Capital Airport，he found the plane had taken off.

到達首都機場時，他發現飛機已經起飛了#65377;

Not knowing how to dye the silk red，he went to her for help.

由于他不知道怎樣把絲染成紅色，于是找她幫忙#65377;

7. 值得注意的一個句型:

have+sb/sth+現在分詞(sb/sth與分詞是邏輯上的主動關系)

have+sb/sth+過去分詞(sb/sth與分詞是邏輯上的被動關系)如:

The boss has the workers working day and night.

老板讓工人們日日夜夜地工作#65377;

She had her wallet stolen yesterday.

昨天她的錢包被人偷了#65377;

8. 動名詞用作賓語#65377;

(1)—Can I smoke here?

—Sorry. We don’t allow________ here.(2007江蘇)

A. people smoking B. people smoke

C. to smoke D. smoking

解析 選D#65377;

句意:——這里允許抽煙嗎?——對不起，這里不允許抽煙#65377;此題考查動名詞的用法#65377;allow “允許，準許”，其用法如下:allow sb to do sth;allow doing sth 如:Students don’t allow talking loudly in the classroom. 由此可知allow后有賓語時應用to do，沒有賓語時應用doing#65377;故選D#65377;

注意 英語中除了介詞以外，有些動詞或動詞短語后面接動詞時只能用動名詞，如:finish，allow，mind，enjoy，practise，advise，suggest，keep，delay，give up，be busy，put off等#65377;

(2)—Robert is indeed a wise man.

—Oh，yes. How often have I regretted ________ his advice!(2007安徽)

A. to takeB. taking C. not to takeD. not taking

解析 選D#65377;

句意:——羅伯特的確是個聰明人#65377;——喔，是的#65377;我常后悔沒聽他的勸告!依據句意，“對以前的事情后悔”用“regret(not)doing”表達，故選D#65377;

注意 英語中有些動詞或動詞短語后面既可用動名詞，又可用不定式，但要注意意義上的區別，如:

regret/forget/remember doing sth 后悔/忘記/記得干了某事

regret/forget/remember to do sth 后悔/忘記/記得要干某事

mean doing sth 意味著干某事

mean to do sth 想干某事

try doing sth 試著干某事

try to do sth 盡力干某事

stop doing sth 停止干(由動名詞表示的)某事

stop to do sth 停下(正在干的事)而去干(由動詞不定式表示的)另一件事

can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地干某事

can’t help(to)do sth 不能幫助干某事

go on doing sth 繼續干一件(由動名詞表示的)未干完的事

go on to do sth(某事干完后)繼續干(由不定式表示的)另一件事

(3)You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm.(2007遼寧)

A. walkedB. walk C. to walkD. walking

解析 選D#65377;

句意:你很難想象我們在暴風雪中走回家有多難#65377;根據句意，本題考查的是固定短語“have difficulty(in)doing sth”，故選D#65377;

注意 英語中表示“干某事有困難”的短語有:have difficulty(in)doing sth/have difficulties to do sth/have difficulty with sth如:

我學習英語有困難#65377;

I have difficulty(in)learning English.

I have difficulties to learn English.

I have difficulty with English.

●鞏固練習●

1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________ her permission for things，think again.(2006湖南)

A. gets B. got C. to getD. getting

2. Suddenly，a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away， into the woods.(2004上海春)

A. seizing;disappeared B. seized;disappeared

C. seizing;disappearing D. seized;disappearing

3.________ in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(2004北京)

A. To wait B. Have waited

C. Having waited D. To have waited

4. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004上海)

A. to smell B. smelling C. smeltD. to be smelt

5. It is difficult to imagine his ________the decision without any consideration.(2006陜西)

A. accept B. accepting C. to acceptD. accepted

6. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class，he would answer care-lessly，always ________the same thing.(2006江蘇)

A. saying B. said C. to sayD. having said

7. My cousin came to see me from the country，________ me a full basket offresh fruits.(2006安徽)

A. brought B. bringing C. to bringD. had brought

8. When ________different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(2006浙江)

A. compared B. being compared

C. comparing D. having compared

9. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with the table.(2006湖北)

A. doB. to do C. doingD. and doing

10 The storm left，________a lot of damage to this area.(2005全國I)

A. caused B. to have caused

C. to cause D. having caused

參考答案:1—5 DDCBB6—10 ABCCD

編輯/梁宇清