細節理解題重在理解細節

2009年廣東卷閱讀理解A篇是篇記敘文，講述利薩在地鐵鐵軌邊暈倒被救的故事。全文幾乎沒有生詞，易于理解，且除一個小題要求考生推斷寫作目的外，其余四個小題都是細節理解題，按理應當相對容易。但還是有不少考生出錯，其原因可能是沒有弄清與原文具有相同字眼的選項同原文含義差別，或對題干缺乏準確的理解。

請看原文:(注:文中下劃線部分是作者所加，其目的是方便讀者閱讀)

Lisa was running late. Lisa， 25， had a lot to do at work， plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs， she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform， Lisa felt weak and tired—maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before， she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.

Several yards away， Frank， 43， and his girlfriend， Jennifer， found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.

But when he heard the scream， followed by someone yelling， “Oh， my God， she fell in!” Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails...

...

It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness， felt herself being pulled along the ground， and saw someone else holding her purse.

Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn’t， and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.

Police and fire officials soon arrived， and Frank told the story to an officer...

41. What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness?

A. She had run a long way.

B. She felt hot in the subway.

C. She had done a 1ot of work.

D. She had donated blood the night before.

43. How did Frank save Lisa?

A. By lifting her to the platform.

B. By helping her rise to her feet.

C. By pulling her along the ground.

D. By dragging her away from the edge.

44. When did Lisa become conscious again?

A. When the train was leaving.

B. After she was back on the platform.

C. After the police and fire officials came.

D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.

高考中的細節理解題大多是考查對某個句子的理解，并且其答案往往是句中某個關鍵詞的同義替換，如第41題的答案D是用donate替代give;第43題的答案A是用lift替代raise。

但是，在作出正確選擇之前不要被選項與原文的字眼相同而輕率下結論。據統計，第41題，選錯率最高的是C。可能是考生根據相同字眼作出了錯誤選擇，而沒有真正理解各自的意思。事實上，She had done a 1ot of work.(她做了許多工作)與原文Lisa had a lot to do at work(利薩有許多事要做)的意思是不同的。

有時，細節題的題眼不只在一句中，而要求考生綜合理解上下句的意思。如第44題正確答案是B(在利薩返回到站臺后開始恢復知覺)，由第五段第三句(...raise her the four feet to the platform將她舉到四英尺高的站臺上)和第四句(That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness這就是利薩開始恢復知覺的地方)兩句句意綜合理解所得。

此外，準確理解題干是作出正確選擇的前提。但據統計，選錯率最高的是D。其原因可能是對題干中become缺乏正確的理解，即不知是問“何時開始恢復知覺”。選項D與原文a man ...help stop the blood pouring from her head不但有相同字眼，大意相當，且該段文字都是描寫利薩恢復知覺的表現，但并不是此時才開始恢復知覺。

責任編校蔣小青