單選題命題方法“解密”與精練

隨著英語中考命題的不斷創新，單選題的命制更加貼近學生的生活實際，凸顯出試題題干設計的情境化和生活化，在較真實的語境中對考生的語言知識和語言運用能力進行考查，避免了單純考查語言知識的情況，也增加了試題的靈活性和難度。本文試結合典型試題來“解密”中考單選題命題的常見手法及應試策略，以期幫助同學們決勝2010年中考。

一、增加插入語，干擾考生的正常思維

命題者有意在一個句子中增加插入語，造成原本緊密相連的句子成分的隔離，以此打破句子的平衡結構，進而影響考生的正常思維，甚至把考生引向“歧途”。

【典型試題】John plays football _________if not better than，David.

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

【簡析】由于題干中插入了“if not better than”，從而影響了考生對句子整體結構的辨識。如果去掉插入語，原題變為“John plays football _________ ，David.”，難度自然降低。很顯然，這是一個最基本的考查副詞原級比較的問題，考生可順利選出正確選項B。

【典型試題】The days we look forward to _________ at last.

A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming

【簡析】本題很容易被誤認為介詞to的后面要接動名詞(即動詞-ing的形式)。實際上we look forward to是一個定語從句，介詞to有其相應的賓語(被省略的that)。如果將這個從句去掉，就可以看出本題缺少一個謂語。故C項正確。

【應試策略】去掉插入語，還原試題的本來面目，題干就會變得簡潔，從而使得解題變得簡單起來。

二、省略句子成分，考查考生的理解能力

句子成分的省略也是提高試題難度的常見方法之一。通常是把語法結構中的標志詞語和聯系上下文語境的關鍵詞省略。省略句造成句子結構的不完整、語意上的不連貫，使考生不易看清句子的完整結構，進而影響考生對句子結構的整體把握和對試題所提供的語言情景的正確理解。

【典型試題】—How long has this bookshop been in business?

— _________ 1982.

A. AfterB. InC. SinceD. From

【簡析】將答語部分改為一個完整的句子:This bookshop has been in business _________ 1982. 在所給的選項中只有since能同現在完成時連用，故C項正確。

【典型試題】—Write to me when you get home.

— _________.

A. I must? B. I should C. I will D. I can

【簡析】祈使句通常指未來的動作，其答語一般要用將來時。該句用了簡略答語形式，把其補全應為:I will write to you when I get home.故C項正確。

【應試策略】對于這類試題，可根據語言結構和語境來補全省略的部分，使句子結構變得明朗化，這樣，選出正確答案便是水到渠成的事了。

三、巧用追加限制，考查考生的答題策略

命題人常利用考生急于求成的答題心理，巧妙地把題目成立的限制條件放在后面，來考查考生的答題策略是否科學。這種方法常用在對話型的試題中，給那些急于求答的考生和不細心的考生設置了障礙。

【典型試題】—Do you remember _________ he came?

—Yes. He came by car.

A. whenB. whyC. ifD. how

【簡析】這道題目的關鍵信息是he came by car，由此可推斷，問題是“他怎么來的”，故選D項。如果匆忙作答或忽略 “He came by car.”這一關鍵信息句，就可能誤選A項或B項。

【典型試題】Shirley _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing

【簡析】考生容易受last year的誤導，而錯選B項。實際上這道題目的關鍵信息是后面的“but I don’t know whether she has finished it”，故正確答案為D項。

【應試策略】 要耐心讀完題干和選項，找到制約試題的關鍵信息。

四、利用熟題翻新，考查考生的應變能力

思維定勢是學習過程中形成的一種習慣性的思維傾向。它在語言學習中有積極的作用，但也會導致學生不去仔細分析問題，生搬硬套、教條地解題，造成失誤。所以，命題者往往運用“熟題翻新”的手法來考查考生是否具有靈活運用所學知識去分析、解決問題的能力。

【典型試題】—Is _________ here?

—No，Simon and Daniel have asked for leave.

A. anybodyB. somebodyC. everybodyD. nobody

【簡析】有些考生只死記語法規則，一看該題是個疑問句，不看答語，便選了anybody，并認為這題太簡單了。實際上這是課堂上或其他一些場合中經常用到的交際用語，意思是“大家都到齊了嗎?” 同學們在解題時一定要清楚:語法規則必須融入到語言情景之中，使其達到交際的目的，決不能孤立地使用。故正確答案應該是C項。

【典型試題】I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with .

A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing

【簡析】前半部分I agree with most of what you said已經把這句話的意思表達清楚了，所以后半部分應是一個部分否定句型，故選A項。如果不注意這一語境的特殊性，由于思維定勢的作用，就可能誤選B項。

【應試策略】認真分析語境，找出其命題點所在，進而正確解題。在解答這類題的過程中，千萬不能因為思維定勢而在熟題上“翻跟頭”。

五、運用漢語“負遷移”，考查學生的語言素養

由于中西文化傳統、風俗習慣的不同，特別是思維方式的差異，中西方在待人接物方面有不同的語言習慣。在考查日常交際用語的試題中，命題者常常據此設計一些漢語化的句子來迷惑考生。這就要求考生不但要有扎實的語言基礎知識，更要了解英語國家的文化背景、風俗習慣，避免漢語化的英語。

【典型試題】—I think you should phone Millie and say sorry to her.

—_________. It was her fault.

A. No wayB. Not possibleC. No chanceD. Not at all

【簡析】考生做此題時容易誤選B項。其實該選項明顯帶有漢語的痕跡，英語表示“不可能”常用impossible。此題的語境要求表示“決不”，這從后加限制信息句(It was her fault.)可以看出，按照英語的習慣表達只能選擇A項。

【典型試題】—What about having a drink?

—_________.

A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Go ahead，please D. Me，too

【簡析】作為征求對方意見的口氣:喝一杯好嗎?回答應該是 “Good idea”。受漢語的影響，考生易誤選B、C兩項。

【應試策略】加強對典型交際用語的記憶，并養成英語的思維習慣，堅決杜絕漢式英語。

六、妙用相似結構，測試考生“雙基”的掌握情況

命題者常把語法結構相似的句型放在同一語境中，用來考查考生“雙基”掌握的情況。

【典型試題】The number of people invited _________ fifty，but a number of

themabsent for different reasons.

A. were;wasB. was;wasC. was;wereD. were;were

【簡析】本題考查兩個相似的短語a number of和the number of。the number of people在句中作主語，指被邀請人的數量，后面的謂語要用單數形式;a number of them意為many of them，故后面的謂語用復數形式。所以C項正確。

【典型試題】—The light in the office is still on.

—Oh，I forgot_________.

A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off

【簡析】該題的考查目標是通過語境來辨析forget to do sth.和forget doing sth.在意義上的區別。只要記清forget to do sth.的意思是“忘記做某事(該事還沒有做)”，而forget doing sth.則是“忘記曾經做過某事”，再根據句中提供的情景“辦公室還亮著燈”，便可判斷出C為正確答案。

【應試策略】認真研讀試題，找出其考查的知識要點，并加以比較和辨析，認清它們之間的區別，結合語境做出最佳選擇。

七、巧用句式變換，考查考生的分析能力

句式轉換是增加試題難度的一個常用方法。中考中一些單項選擇題的測試點本來十分簡單，但命題者有意把題干復雜化，通常不是以一般的陳述句、疑問句等簡單的句式出現，而是以反意疑問句或否定疑問句等非正常語序的句式出現，考查考生理清句子脈絡，分析理解題干的能力。

【典型試題】Whom would you rather have _________ with you?

A. to goB. goC. goneD. going

【簡析】如將本題題干改成:Would you rather have whom with you? 這樣我們一眼就可以看出答案為B。測試的知識點是使役動詞have的賓語補足語用動詞原形表示“將要”。由于倒裝句的使用，句子的結構變得陌生，對于這類題，可將題干還原成一個陳述句。

【典型試題】A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _________ in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smokeD. smoked

【簡析】將題干改寫為主動句，則為“A cook will be immediately fired if the boss finds himin the kitchen.”很容易看出考查的知識點是find sb. doing sth.故 B項正確。

【應試策略】把非正常語序轉換成正常語序(如將倒裝句改為陳述句;改被動句為主動句等)，以降低試題的難度，從而為正確解題“掃除”障礙。

八、巧用固定搭配，考查學生的判斷能力

中考試題有大量考查固定搭配的試題。為了提高試題難度，命題人常把固定搭配拆開或將原本可以完整表述的內容拆成兩部分，放在不同的語言單位里或設計成對話形式。這就給考生的正常理解制造了障礙，對考生的理解力、判斷力提出了更高要求。

【典型試題】She looks forward every spring to _________ the flower-lined garden.

A. visitB. pay a visitC. walk inD. walking in

【簡析】本題考查固定搭配look forward to，其中to是介詞，后面要用名詞、動名詞。命題者在這一短語中加入every spring，把這一固定搭配分開了，但只要考生能根據中心詞look forward聯想起整個短語look forward to，便可迅速選出正確答案D項。

【應試策略】解題過程中要擅長根據詞組的中心詞來聯想整個短語，然后根據短語的固定用法便可以迅速得到正確答案。

雖然中考命題的手法在不斷地發展變化，但萬變不離其宗，只要同學們具有扎實的語言基本功，把握住命題者的思路，刪繁就簡，化難為易，就能在中考中立于不敗之地。在復習迎考的過程中，同學們還要把握好如下復習策略:

◆建立“錯題集”，并不斷總結。在復習迎考期間，應該建立錯題集，把錯題收集起來，并認真對錯題進行分析、思考和總結，直到真正弄懂該題為止。有空時，經常翻看錯題集，久而久之，正確率會大大提高。

◆詞義記憶不容忽視。意思不理解是造成答題錯誤的最主要原因，而造成意思不理解的主要原因是詞匯意思記不清。雖然所有考綱詞匯都已學過，但同學們可能會有不同程度的遺忘。因此，詞匯記憶仍是復習的重點之一。

◆背誦課文行之有效。背誦永遠是語言學習最有效的方法之一。同學們切不可勤于題海，而荒于背誦。背誦課文可鞏固詞匯，提高閱讀速度，增強語感，對快速準確解答單選題有著很大的作用。

迎考專練

單項選擇 (從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個可以填入句中空白處的最佳答案。)

1. —I’ve got a little _________ in my house.

—Why not keep two or more?

A. juiceB. mice C. bread D. fish

2. —Please give me a_________ when you arrive.

—OK. I’ll tell you everything as soon as I get there.

A. ringB. hand C. ride D. present

3. —Put _________ waste bag into the dustbin，please.

—It’s not _________ waste bag. It’s my shopping bag.

A. a;theB. the;a C. /;a D. /;the

4._________ umbrella is _________ useful tool in raining days.

A. A;aB. An;a C. The;/D. A;an

5. —You are always full of _________. Can you tell me the secret?

—Doing enough morning exercises every day.

A. powerB. influenceC. energy D. force

6. —Shall we go out for a walk?

—Sorry. This is not the right _________ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.

A. moment B. place C. chanceD. space

7. —How about _________ English evening party?

—I should say it was great success.

A. a;aB. the;a C. a;/ D. the;/

8. —If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow，why not take _________?

—That’s a good idea.

A. eitherB. bothC. allD. any

9. —Three days’ time has been wasted!

—I can’t believe we did all that work for _________ .

A. everythingB. nothingC. anythingD. something

10. To know more about China Space Museum，you can use the Internet or go to the library，or _________.

A. neither B. someC. all D. both

11. “Some of the stickers belong to me，while the rest are _________，” the boy said.

A. him and herB. his and hers C. his and herD. him and hers

12. —There used to be lots of fish in the river near our school.

—Yes，but there are very _________ now.

A. lessB. littleC. fewD. fewer

13. It’s reported that the heavy snow have left about _________ people homeless in Hebei Province.

A. two thousandB. two-thousandsC. two thousands D. two thousands of

14. “You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder，_________ you won’t past the course，” the teacher said to the boy student.

A. andB. soC. orD. but

15. Mr Wang went to Shanghai _________ November，and come back home

the morning of December 2.

A. in;inB. in;onC. on;atD. by;from

16. —How long have you been like this，young man?

—_________ July 3rd，Monday.

A. FromB. Since C. AfterD. Before

17. I’m sorry to have to say this，_________ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.

A. andB. so C. becauseD. but

18. “There at the door stands a boy about the same height _________，” Simon said to his best friend.

A. as he B. with meC. as mineD. with mine

19. Daniel is a careful driver，but he drives_________ of my friends.

A. more carefullyB. the most carefully

C. less carefully D. the least carefully

20. The number of audience in the cinema is _________ than we thought. There must be many tickets left.

A. much smaller B. much more C. much largerD. many more

21. Of all the films，I like this one _________. It’s not worth watching at all.

A. most B. bestC. worstD. least

22. —Look! The boy is running so fast!

—Hard to _________ he is only six years old this year.

A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find

23. I _________ the last bus and didn’t have enough money for taxi，so I had to walk home last night.

A. reached B. missed C. caughtD. lost

24. —_________ for the glass!

—It’s OK. I’m wearing my boots.

A. Look out B. Walk out C. Go out D. Give out

25. —Has Peter finished his homework today?

—Sorry，I don’t know. He _________ it this morning.

A. didB.has done C. was doing D. had done

26. —_________ you _________ them around Yancheng Technology Museum yet?

—Yes. We had a great time there.

A. Have;shown B. Do;showC. Had;shownD. Did;show

27. —What’s the terrible noise?

—The neighbours _________ for a birthday party.

A. have preparedB. are preparingC. prepareD. will prepare

28. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

—Yes，I did. You know，Yao Ming，who is one of my heroes，_________ in the match.

A. is playingB. has playedC. was playing D. had played

29. —Did the book give the information you need?

—Yes. But _________ it，I had to read the whole book.

A. find B. finding C. found D. to find

30.—Excuse me. Is this the right way to Suguo Supermarket?

—Sorry，I am not sure. But it _________ be.

A. will B. mustC. canD. might

31._________ good news! Liu Xiang won a golden medal in the 11th National Games in October，2009.

A. What B. What a C. HowD. How a

32.—Hundreds of people in our country have died because of H1N1 Flu.

—_________

A. Sorry to hear that. B. What’s the matter with them?

C. Never mind.D. Are they all right?

33. —Daniel，feed the bird today，_________ ?

—But I fed it yesterday.

A. don’t youB. didn’t you C. won’t youD. haven’t you

34. It’s said that the _________ boy was last seen _________ near the little river.

A. missing;playing B. missed;playing C. missing;played D. missed;played

35. —You’ve left the light in your bedroom on.

—Oh，so I have. _________ and turn it off.

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I goD. I’m going

36. —Is Peter coming by bus?

—He should，but he _________ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must B. canC. need D. may

37. It’s time for weather report，but I can hardly hear the TV set. Would you please_________?

A. turn it onB. turn it downC. turn it up D. turn it off

38. —Are you still busy，Millie?

—Yes，I _________ my work，and it won’t take long.

A. just finish B. am just finishing

C. have just finishedD. am just going to finish

39.—I hear Kate has gone to the Hainan Island for her holiday.

—Oh，how nice. Do you know when she _________?

A. was leaving B. had leftC. has left D. left

40.—What would you do if it _________ tomorrow?

—We have to carry it on，since we’ve got everything ready.

A. rainB. rains C. will rainD. is raining

參考答案

1—5 D A B B C6—10 A B B B D11—15 B C A C B16—20 B D C D A21—25 D B B A C26—30 A B C D D31—35 A A C A A36—40 D C D D B