博山古道

博山的名字，遠在隋代就已經形成了。到了元朝至元二年，即1265年設顏神鎮(zhèn)，劃歸益都縣管轄。至清雍正十二年，即1734年始建博山縣，1955年3月更名為現(xiàn)在的博山區(qū)。

春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的博山是南北通道的咽喉、魯中山區(qū)門戶，歷經世紀滄桑然而古道猶存。地處城東的“青州古道”，城西的“齊魯古道”與南郊的“關溝古道”都是地域文化與歷史的印證。

而青州古道，早在明清間，是博山通往青州的主要通道也就是現(xiàn)在的東山街石基道。此道依荊山自然山體鑿崖而形成的臺階，車轍式路段，歷經700余年的通行跋涉，人挑驢馱，車輪輾軋，石基道上磨出了光潔深曲的轍痕。由于當時的煤炭、陶瓷、琉璃等貨均途經后樂橋攀石基道通過荊山運往青州等地，所以世人稱之為“青州古道”。

青州古道地處產煤聚集的東郊地區(qū)，所以煤炭運輸必經東關街、秋谷街。而光滑的青石路面中心則是木輪車專行道。每天早晨均可聽到木輪車的“吱悠”聲與車夫的呻吟聲，而伴隨著的馱鈴聲蕩然空間，給人以凄涼的感覺，而那斑駁光潔的石基道卻給世人留下一縷縷無限的遐想。

至于齊魯古道，則是地處魯中山區(qū)北部。齊界魯疆分裂與此，所以“陽者為魯，陰者為齊”。齊魯古道地處城西孝婦河西側的桑園街之首，背依古跡爐神廟。這條古道始建于明萬歷年間。街面均寬3米，長180米，大多采用青石與雜石鋪設，其路槽大多由木輪車行駛，歷經滄桑歲月，故磨礪出了8公分的轍痕。過去，這里是溝通萊蕪西部等地的通道之一。

20世紀60年代以后，由于琉璃手工業(yè)的不斷興盛，古道周邊自然成為聚居地以及有關企業(yè)設置的通行要道。博山電影院的前身是青年劇院。它于1950年改建，自1952年6月更名為“工人電影院”以后，成為博山地區(qū)最早的國營電影院。與此南來北往的百姓與觀眾大多途經此道，于是便使人們更加深了古道行跡的印象。時至今日，博山琉璃園的創(chuàng)建，更使齊魯古道自然成為一處古跡景觀。

而關溝古道，指的是博山至萊蕪的關溝古道，地處山頭地區(qū)的白楊河村南500米處，與萊蕪的青石關村接界。關溝古道呈南北走向，溝峪深達4公里，歷史上是一條既難行又陰深的路段。這條古道的歷史可由一株500余年樹齡，直徑達1米的國槐為證。關溝古道是博山與萊蕪的重要通道。舊時的古道車水馬龍，人挑驢馱，行人如織，若遇繁忙季節(jié)，載貨的人力木輪車要想通過此路段則需要挨排幾天后才能緩行過去。

隨著國家道路建設的需要，上世紀70年代初，205國道相繼建成。從此，博萊關溝古道由國道所代替而成為棄跡。人世間幾個世紀轉眼即逝，而“鑲嵌”在石基道上的轍痕深達10公分。可想而知經由多少木輪車夫的辛酸與磨礪。它不僅給世人留下了滄涼的印跡，同時也揭示了勞苦大眾行路的苦衷與嘆息。

The name of Boshan in Zibo City， Shandong Province appeared during the Sui Dynasty (581-618).

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC-476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475 BC-221 BC)， Boshan was the thoroughfare leading north and south and the gateway to the Luzhong mountain area. Despite several centuries of vicissitudes， the ancient roads in Boshan are still in existence. Among them， the Qingzhou ancient road to the east of Boshan， the Qilu ancient road to the west of Boshan， and the Guangou ancient road to the southern suburbs of Boshan are witnesses to the local regional culture and history.

The Qingzhou ancient road is located in the eastern suburban area which abounds in coal. The vehicles conveying coal must go along Dongguan Street and Qiugu Street. The road paved with smooth blue stone was constructed for the wooden wheel carts. Therefore， in the past， every morning people living nearby could hear the noises produced by friction between the wooden wheels and the stone as well as the waggoners.

The Qilu ancient road is located in the northern hilly area of central Shandong. Here lay the boundary between the territories of the State of Qi and the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The road was constructed during the Ming Dynasty and is three meters wide and 180 meters long. In the past， this road was one of the main roads leading to the west of Laiwu.

Since the 1960s， with the rise of the colored glaze industry， the areas near the ancient road became the location as well as the thoroughfares for the enterprises concerned. The Youth Theatre， which was the predecessor of the present-day Boshan Cinema， was renovated in 1950. In June 1952， it was renamed as the “Workers’ Cinema” and became the earliest state-run cinema in Boshan. Nowadays， the construction of Boshan Colored Glaze Park has turned the Qilu ancient road into a site of ancient cultural relics.

In the early period of the 1970s， with the construction of the National Highway 205， the Guangou ancient road was abandoned. However， the 10 centimeter deep wheel ruts on the ancient road still remind people of the hard work of the waggoners in the past.