中圖分類號:G63 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1008-925X(2010)12-0151-01
摘要:巧妙的導入引人入勝,既可以促使學生在心理和知識上做好學習課文的準備,可以調動學生的學習積極性,積極進入良好的學習狀態;又能激發學生的學習興趣和求知欲望,使學生集中精神學習新的內容,從而提高課堂教學的質量。
關鍵詞:高中英語 課堂教學 導入技巧
新編英語教材在原有教材的基礎上作了大量的變動,因此,我們再用以往的教學方法已完全不能適應時代的要求。那么,如何有效地呈現教材中的知識點,是我們廣大英語教師所面臨的共同課題。現結合本人的教學實踐,就高中新課的導入技巧舉例如下:
一、設疑置懸,導入新課
“學貴有疑”,疑是積極思維和探索問題的動力。一個有經驗的教師常常善于在教學之始設疑布陣,引導學生去猜測,去預估,去聯想,去拓展,將學生的注意力集中到將要學習的內容中去。
如,教師在聽力活動前,先向學生介紹所要聽的材料的背景,然后設置懸念,激發學生學習的好奇心及求知欲。如人教版必修模塊 (二)第五單元的聽力時,可作如下導入:
T:Have a look at this picture (show a picture of a frog).Do you know what it is?
Ss:It’s a frog.
T:Right. But he is not a common frog. His name is Freddy. He has a special quality. Can you guess what special quality Freddy has?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:When Freddy was young. He was a little tad pole. As time went by quickly,he soon became a frog. One day,Freddy sat on the water lily leaf and slid his long,thin legs into the water. Suddenly,he heard some music across the lake. Then what would happen?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:You may have many difficult ideas about what happened to Freddy. Now let’s listen to the story about Freddy and see what Freddy found when he swam slowly towards the sound.
在接下來的部分是閱讀更多關于Freddy的生活,所以在聽力之后,可繼續以設疑置懸的方式導入。
T:So do you think Freddy and the other frogs were going to form a band?Now let me tell you that they formed a band and soon became famous and then they went to Britain to give performances. Then what would happen in Britain?Would they succeed or fail?
這種懸念誘導的方法,吸引學生自覺地走進課堂,使他們一開始就成為探求問題答案的主動者,掌握學習的主動權。但教師提問時,要注意提問的廣泛性。使每個學生都有答題的機會,而不能只針對幾位成績好的學生,這樣無疑會挫傷其他學生的積極性,使他們將自己排除在課堂之外。
二、看圖提示,再現情境
新編高中英語教材圖文并茂,幾乎每一篇閱讀課文均配有與該材料有密切聯系的插圖,有的是為了提示教材難點,有的是為了印證教材觀點,有的是為了教材重點服務。通過對此圖的描述、問答和教師言簡意賅、提綱挈領的導語,引入本課的話題,使學生適度了解話題的內容,易激發學生內在的學生動力,使課堂氣氛活躍,并使其產生閱讀課文以了解信息的愿望,為以下教學鋪平道路。這種方法多用于高中一、二年級故事題材課文的教學。展示圖片的提問的方式要根據新課內容和教師的意圖而定,由淺入深,突出重點。
如必修模塊(二)第二單元的閱讀文章The Story of Atlanta,可利用教學掛圖或教材中的圖片作如下導入:
T:Look at the first picture. What can you see in it?
Ss:Two people.
T:Who is the man?
Ss:He is the king.
T:What about the girl?
Ss:She is her daughter.
T:Yes,she is a princess. She is named Atlanta and they are talking about her marriage. Now let’s look at the second picture. This time what can we see here?
Ss:We can see a young man and a fairy.
T:Good. The man is named Hippomenes and the fairy is the Goddess of Love. We can see the Goddess of Love is giving something to Hippomenes. What is she giving to him?
Ss:Some apples.
T:Right. In fact she is giving Hippomenes some golden apples. What does golden mean?
Ss:金的;金色的
T: Good. But why does the Goddess give Hippomenes some golden apples?What are they used for?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T: OK,let’s find out the right answer in the passage.
從上述師生的對話中,教師不僅引導了學生運用已學過的英語知識,而且師生間的對話起到了復習鞏固和交際運用的作用,并恰到好處地與新內容聯系起來,激發了學生對新知識的好奇與渴求。在對話中自然呈現新單詞Atlanta,princess,marriage,Hippomenes. Goddess,golden,有助于學生較準確地理解課文。這種導入起到了事半功倍之效。
總之,新課的課堂導入方法非常靈活多樣。只要教師在備課過程中注意多動腦筋,多積類就能充分利用學生的年齡特點和好奇心理,根據新教材豐富的語言材料的特點來導入新課。這樣才能充分激發學生的學習興趣和求知欲望,拓展學生的思維,培養學生對英語知識實際運用的能力,思維能力,想象力,提高課堂教學的質量。