調查類英語寫作指導

調查的結果往往會用表格或圖表的形式來表述，因此高考中調查類寫作常用“少量文字+表格或圖表”的形式來命題。

寫作時，第一句開門見山地交待調查的基本情況，即闡述調查的時間、對象、主題等情況。接著便闡述調查結果，描述表格中的數據所反映的情況，數據間的主要差異或趨勢，或有的還要求談談數據所反映出來的問題，并分析原因。最后提出個人觀點或對解決該問題提出建議。

一、常用套語

1. 交代調查主題的套語。

調查類作文，首先要向讀者交待某人什么時候在哪些人中就什么問題進行了調查。常用套語有：

（1）Last week， we did a survey among 2，600 students on “who is your idol”. 上周，我們以“誰是你的偶像”為題，在2600名學生中進行了一次調查。(2007廣東）

（2）I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of surfing the Internet. 最近我對我班的60名同學進行了調查，看他們上網做什么。

（3）Last week， we did / conducted/ carried out a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.上周，我們就每天的睡眠時間對全校學生進行了調查。

如果不需說明是誰去調查的，可用被動語態。如：

（4）Recently， a survey has been done to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money. 日前，針對中學生零用錢的消費方向，對某中學學生進行了問卷調查。

（5）Last week， a survey was done/ conducted / carried out among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day. 上周，我們就每天的睡眠時間對全校學生進行了調查。

2. 描述調查結果的套語。

在交待調查主題等基本情況后，接著應向讀者描述調查結果。常用套語有：

（1）The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols， while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 該調查表明，50%的女生選擇影視明星作為他們的偶像，而48%的男生將體育明星作為他們的偶像。(2007廣東)

（2）As the data shows “parents”ranks the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys.數據顯示，父母在女生偶像中排第二位，在男生偶像中排第四位。(2007廣東)

（3）From the table， we can conclude（that） over 20% of the teenagers are addicted to smoking. 根據上表，我們可以得出如下結論：超過20%的青少年吸煙上了癮。

（4）It is apparent from the table（that） half of the teachers stick to running every day.如表所示，顯然有一半的教師堅持每天跑步。

（5）As is shown in the above table， senior three students spend the least time in sleeping.如上表所示，高三學生睡眠時間最少。

（6）As can be seen from the table above， more than 70％of the students have formed a very good habit of studying.從上表可以看出，70%以上的學生已經形成了良好的學習習慣。

（7）According to the figures shown in the table， about ten percent of the students think it no use learning foreign languages in their spare time.根據表格數據顯示，大約有十分之一的學生認為業余時間學習外語是沒有用的。

注意：

（1）漢語中，為簡明起見，通常用圖表或表格的形式來描述調查結果，在高考英文寫作時，要注意按要求用完整的句子來表達，不可再用表格形式。

（2）描述結果時常用到百分數或分數，在表達百分之幾或幾分之幾的人或事物時，在分數或百分數后一定要用of，然后再接人或事物，這是一個易錯點。

（3）若調查結果的情況較多，可用besides， what’s more， furthermore， what’s worse， worse still等一一列出。

（4）若需要對比或對照，還可用while， however等來表達。

3. 描述數據所反映的問題的套語。

在描述調查結果所反映出來的問題時，我們可以用非限制性定語從句或分詞短語來表達。如：

（1）30% of the students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise， which shows/ mirrors/reflects/reveals that these students lack the awareness of keeping healthy.在被調查的學生中，有30%的人說，他們認為最好不要進行體育鍛煉。這表明，這些學生缺乏保持健康的意識。

（2）Only seven percent of the students are interested in looking up new words in the dictionary， showing/ mirroring/ reflecting that owing to their laziness， these students would rather be given everything by their teachers.只有7%的學生喜歡利用詞典查生詞，這表明這些學生由于太懶，寧愿老師包辦一切。

4. 闡述個人觀點或建議的套語。

闡述個人就某問題的看法或對解決調查結果所反映出來的問題時，可套用下列句式：

（1）As for myself， Thomas Edison is my idol， because his inventions have greatly changed our life.至于我自己，托馬斯#8226;愛迪生是我的偶像，因為他的發明大大地改變了我們的生活。

（2）As far as I am concerned， effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spare time for sleeping.在我看來，應該立即采取有效措施來幫助學生獲得休息時間。

（3）From my own perspective， we should take action to help students to make good use of study time.在我看來，我們應當采取措施幫助學生好好利用學習時間。

二、實例分析

（選自英語周報）上周我們以“雙休日你做了什么？”為主題，在1000名中學生中進行了一次調查(survey)。以下是調查數據：

[寫作內容]

根據以上數據，寫一篇短文，包括以下內容：

1. 調查時間、調查問題以及調查對象；

2. 學生雙休日活動的主要內容；

3. 數據所反映的任意三個嚴重的問題。

[解題指導]

首先，用一句話介紹該調查的時間、問題以及對象，并以這句話作為文章的開頭句，達到開門見山，點明主題的作用；

Last week we did a survey among 1，000 middle school students on “What Do You Do on Weekends?”. 或Last week， a survey was done/ conducted / carried out among1，000 middle school students on “What Do You Do on Weekends?”.

其次，用三句話分別談談調查中三個數據的內容以及數據所反映的任意三個嚴重的問題。

As is shown in the above table， the percentage of students going online is as high as 55%， which reveals that people’s concern about whether students are using the Internet in a healthy way should be raised.

Only 10% do sport regularly on weekends， showing/mirroring that most of them don’t realize the importance of health.

Only 2 % choose to work as volunteers or join in community activities， which reflects a more serious problem how students should be encouraged to arouse their awareness of helping others sincerely and improve their ability to adapt to this challenging society successfully.

最后，用一句話簡單介紹剩下數據的情況。

As the data shows， 25% stay indoors doing some reading or reviewing lessons while 8% spend their weekends visiting friends or getting together.

[參考范文]

Last week we did a survey among 1，000 middle school students on “What Do You Do on Weekends?” As is shown in the above table， the percentage of students going online is as high as 55%， which reveals that people’s concern about whether students are using the Internet in a healthy way should be raised. Besides， as the data shows， 25% stay indoors doing some reading or reviewing lessons while 8% spend their weekends visiting friends or getting together. In addition， only 10% do sport regularly on weekends， mirroring that most of them don’t realize the importance of health. What’s worse， only 2 % choose to work as volunteers or join in community activities， which reflects a more serious problem how students should be encouraged to arouse their awareness of helping others sincerely and improve their ability to adapt to this challenging society successfully.

三、原創練習

上星期，學校以“你的安全”為主題，在全校學生中進行了一次調查(survey)。以下是調查數據：

[寫作內容]

根據以上數據，寫一篇短文，包括以下內容：

1. 調查時間、調查問題以及調查對象；

2. 調查的主要內容以及數據所反映的任意兩個問題;

3. 你的建議。

[參考范文] (One possible version)

Last week， a survey was carried out among the students in our school on “Your Safety”. As can be seen from the table above， nearly a quarter of students are not allowed to sleep at a friend’s house， 60 percent are forbidden to travel on public transport alone while 43 percent can't go to the park without the company of a parent or guardian. Moreover， taking a closer look at the figures， we will find (that) more than 60 percent of students’ parents think the world is more dangerous than when they were kids， which reflects that strict security measures are badly needed to ensure the safety of the students. In addition， danger from strangers is number one worry to 54 percent of their parents， showing that trust between people are being destroyed gradually. As far as I am concerned， effective measures should be instantly taken to ensure our safety so that we can grow up healthily and securely.

(作者單位：深圳市新安中學)

責任編校蔣小青

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