基礎寫作的答題步驟

在平時的訓練中，我們可按下列步驟進行：審題列點→信息重組→連句成篇→查漏補缺→工整書寫。

一、 題型示例

以下是你的英語老師在英國留學時，在公共車上拍到的有關乘車時應該注意的標語：

[寫作內容]

請根據這些照片上的提示語寫一篇短文，告訴班上其他同學，在英國乘座公共車應該注意的事項，包括如下要點：

1. 網上購票與車上購票的差別；

2. 不購票的后果；

3. 為保持車內舒適安全，我們該做什么和不該做什么；

4. 為使車內溫馨如家，我們該做什么。

[寫作要求]

只能使用5個句子表達全部的內容。

二、答題步驟

1. 審題列點。

因為是照片或圖片，我們首先要理解每張照片或圖片所表達的意思，除了文字外，還要注意示意圖的意思。并將其意思簡要地列出來。

本題中的照片是標語牌，表述簡潔，且富幽默感，必須要充分理解其含義，才可使用正確得體的語言來表達。

圖1：take us for a ride /buy saver tickets online /it’s always less than buying on the bus →If we’d like to take a bus to some place， we’d better buy tickets on line because it’s always less than buying on the bus.

圖2：you haven’t got a valid ticket? fine ￡10 → If you haven’t got a valid ticket， you’ll be fined ￡10.

圖3：For everyone’s comfort and safety /no alcohol /no smelly food /no smoking /keep the volume down / keep feet off seats→For everyone’s comfort and safety， we shouldn’t carry any smelly food onto the bus， and nor should we drink alcohol or smoke on it. We should keep the volume down when talking on the phone or listening to music， and we should also keep our feet off the seats.

圖4：smile please you are on camera /CCTV (閉路電視) is fitted on this bus for everyone’s safety security → Please keep smiling for we are on camera. On this bus the CCTV is fitted for everyone’s safety security.

圖5：helping us to help you → We should help others because helping others is to help ourselves.

2. 信息重組。

因為只能用五句話表達全部內容，我們必須根據各要點之間的邏輯關系，或時間、空間等關系將信息進行合理排列，然后把要寫的內容分成五大信息塊，一個完整的信息塊用一個句子來表達。

本題中有五張照片，可以將每張照片上的信息用一個句子來表達。也可以將第四和第五張照片一起用一個句子來表達。如：

圖4和圖5：We should help those who are in need and keep smiling， for your wonderful and sweet smile would be taken by the cameras fitted on the bus for everyone’s safe and security.

因第三張照片的信息量大，可以用兩個句子來表達。如：

圖3：For everyone’s comfort and safety， we shouldn’t carry any smelly food onto the bus， and nor should we drink alcohol or smoke on it. We should keep the volume down when talking on the phone or listening to music， and we should also keep our feet off the seats.

也可恰當使用關聯詞，用一個長句子來表達。如：

For everyone’s comfort and safety， we should keep the volume down when talking on the phone or listening to music， and we should also keep our feet off the seats; but we shouldn’t carry any smelly food onto the bus， and nor should we drink alcohol or smoke on it.

若用一個長句來表達圖3，那么一共只有四個句子，

此時，還可加上Thus we can have a safe and pleasant ride這種結論性的一句話。

3. 組句成篇。

使用過渡性的詞語，將五個句子組成一篇通順的短文，使文章結構緊湊、上下連貫。

4. 查漏補缺。

首先，查有沒有漏掉內容要點；其次，查句子結構是否完整；第三，查有沒有其他語法錯誤，如時態是否一致、主謂是否一致、單復數是否一致、指代是否清楚等。此外，標點符號和字母大小寫也是一個不能忽略的問題。基礎寫作要求用五個句子完成，而句點是區分一個完整句子的唯一標志，所以千萬不要隨意打點或“一逗到底”。

5. 工整書寫。

一定要注意書寫規范，保持卷面整潔美觀。抄寫完畢后，最好還要看是否抄錯或漏抄。

參考范文

If we are going to some place， we’d better buy tickets on line before taking a bus because it is always less than buying on the bus. Remember， we must have valid tickets otherwise we might be fined severely. As we all know， for everyone’s comfort and safety， we should keep the volume down when talking on the phone or listening to music， and we should also keep our feet off the seats， but we shouldn’t carry any smelly food onto the bus， and nor should we drink alcohol or smoke on it. What’s more， we should help those who are in need and keep smiling for your wonderful and sweet smile would be taken by the cameras fitted on the bus for everyone’s safe and security. Only in this way can we have a pleasant and safe ride.

(作者單位：云浮市鄧發紀念中學)

責任編校蔣小青

注：本文中所涉及到的圖表、注解、公式等內容請以PDF格式閱讀原文