讀寫任務中的主題句模式種種

一、什么是段落主題句

因讀寫任務“寫作內容”所列要點的順序已具有內在的邏輯性，所以考生無需重新調整寫作順序，而按照試題所給內容要點順序寫作即可。一般是每個寫作要點安排為一個自然段，且將寫作內容的每個要點作為各段的主題句，放在段首。

那么，什么是主題句呢？段落主題句，顧名思義，就是該句表達了支配全段的主導思想（controlling idea）。這一主導思想是全段的核心，統帥全段，并決定全段的發展方向。全段其它句子都是圍繞主題句，對其進行說明、支持或擴展的，這些句子稱作“擴展句（supporting sentence）”。

主題句可以是一個詞、一個短句，也可能是一個完整的句子。主題句就好比是全段的綱。只有寫好了主題句，才可能做到“綱舉目張”，寫好全段文章。全篇各段中的主題句，相互之間又存在一定的邏輯關系。

關于主題句的位置，建議將主題句放在各段的開頭，這樣安排，既可以避免考生在寫作時跑題或遺漏要點，又方便閱卷老師落實要點是否齊全。

二、主題句模式

總結近年廣東高考真題和各地模擬題，主題句模式可歸納為如下幾種：

1. 回答要點。

寫作要點是詢問考生的看法時，用對提問作出明確回答的句子作為主題句。

[例1]假設你當時就在事故現場，你是伸出援助之手還是袖手旁觀？(2010茂名二模)

If I happened to be present at the scene， I would have come to his help and sent him to the nearest hospital or dial 120 for help.

[例2]假如你處在那些動物的處境，你會有什么反應？（2009年廣東高考）

If I were an animal in the wildlife park， I could feel annoyed when people keep photographing me.

2. 重述要點。

這類主題句并不直接回答要點的提問，而是翻譯要點作為段落的主題句，例如，要點是“談談……的重要性”，主題句則為“……有重要作用”，要點是“談談……有何重要意義”，主題句可直接說“……很有意義”等。

[例3]要點為“在生活中諒解他人有何意義”，主題句可以這樣寫：

From the story I learn that understanding and forgiving others plays an important role in our life.

[例4](2010年高考讀寫任務要點2)你的父母(或其他親人)是如何鼓勵你學習的？

可以這樣寫主題句：My parents used to encourage me like this. 本句并沒有直接回答要點，只是重復了要點，具體回答則將通過其后的拓展句體現出來。

說明必要、重要或意義的相關表達有：

It is important /significant for sb. to do sth.

sth. is of great importance/significance to sb.

sth. is playing an increasingly important role in our life.

People attach great importance/significance/value to ...

The significance of ... cannot be overvalued.

3. 總述原因。

用主題句指出“有幾種原因”“原因如下” 或“原因顯而易見”，等等。

如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.

常用的句型有：

There are several reasons that contribute to ...

My views are based on the following reasons.

The reason for this is obvious.

The reason why ... is that ...

Reasons for this are varied.

4. 表明觀點。

明確表示對某觀點支持、贊同或反對、不贊同。

[例5] (2009年高考)你認為是否應該禁止游客和動物拍照。

主題句表明觀點：I believe that taking photos with animals should be banned. 或：I don’t agree if it is announced illegal to take photos with animal.

表示支持或贊同的句型：

I agree with the statement that ...

I am in favor of ...

I approve of the idea that ...

I’m convinced that ...

I can’t agree more with what the writer said/says.

表示反對或不贊同的句型：

I disapprove of the idea that ...

I disagree with the idea that ...

I am opposed to the idea that ...

In some way， I agree with ... ， but ...

What the writer said sounds reasonable， but ...

5. 引出建議、方法、措施、步驟等。

[例6]說說人們對環境保護所采取的措施：

Luckily， more and more people begin to appreciate the situation and measures are being taken to protect the environment.

常用句型有：

We should take some effective measures.

In order to ... ， effective means should be taken to...

We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.

We should solve the problems that we are faced with.

It is necessary that proper actions/steps should be taken to end the phenomenon.

6. 引出經歷。

這種主題句用來引出記敘。

[例7] (2010茂名一模)簡述你經歷過的一次困難或考驗。

It reminds me of my own experience when I joined in the military training after I entered senior high school.

常用句型有：

It reminds me of the time when ...

It reminds me of an accident which happened several days ago.

After reading the story above， I recall the experience of my friend， who ...

After reading the story， I can’t help thinking of ...

The story above reminds me of one of my experiences ...

即時練習根據給出的模式寫出主題句。

[回答要點]

（1）得知菲爾普斯吸食毒品后的感受。

（2）你認為好老師應該具有什么樣的好品質。

.

[重述要點]

（3）請談談你是如何理解夢想在人生中所起的作用。

Nobody will deny that.

（4）簡述學生之間存在競爭的利弊。（2010深圳五校聯考）

In my opinion，.

[總述原因]

（5）As far as I’m concerned， I agree with the latter. （有幾種原因支持我的觀點）

（6）My support for tearing down the old library（基于下列原因）.

[表明觀點]

（7）你對用金錢鼓勵孩子學習的看法（2010年廣東高考）。

From where I stand， .

（8）你認為是否應該穿校服上學。

[引出建議、方法、措施、步驟等]

（9）應該采取措施解決住房問題。

The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore，

.

（10）如何才能忘卻悲傷或獲得快樂？

Since life is unlikely to be smooth， .

[引出經歷]

（11）這個故事使我想起了鄰居兒子的故事。

（12）簡述生活中讓你抱怨的一次經歷。

The stories above .

（使我想起了自己一年前參加英語演講比賽的經歷）

參考答案

（1）I was really surprised to hear the news that such a brilliant star as Michael Phelps should take drugs!

（2）In my eyes， a good teacher should treat his students fairly as well as make the class lively and interesting.

（3）dreams play a very important part in one’s life

（4）competition among students has advantages as well as disadvantages

（5）There are several reasons supporting my view.

（6）is based on the following reasons

（7）I am not in favor of encouraging kids with cash just because they have got good marks

（8）I firmly support the requirement that students should wear school uniform on the campus.

（9）we must take some effective measures to solve it

（10）we should find some effective ways to make ourselves happy

（11）The story reminds me of a story of my neighbor’s son.

（12）remind me of my own experience one year ago when I entered an English speaking competition.

（作者單位：茂名市茂港區第一中學）

責任編校蔣小青