上下關(guān)聯(lián),捕捉線索,巧解完形填空題

完形填空是障礙性閱讀，即把一篇短文中某些詞匯抽去讓考生填空，這就要求考生能讀懂缺詞的語篇，能根據(jù)上下文通篇考慮，具備綜合運(yùn)用詞匯知識，回填語篇挖空后缺詞的能力。對語篇的理解是貫穿完形填空的一條原則，所有的選擇都應(yīng)服從于語篇意思和邏輯。因此，利用語篇知識是做完形填空的非常重要技巧和手段。下面重點(diǎn)介紹如何上下關(guān)聯(lián)，捕捉線索，搜尋正確的選項(xiàng)。

1. 巧用上關(guān)聯(lián)，捕捉線索。

也就是在“空白處”的上文搜尋線索，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。切勿斷章取義，就題論題，忽視上文的信息提示。如：

(2009重慶)He had lost his appetite and was not as 48as before. His mother made him orange juice every few hours for more vitamin C， which would help his 49.

For two days he was 50 by his mother. As he rested more， his defense strengthened and I began lo feel the pressure.

48. A. peacefulB. afraid

C. activeD. happy

49. A. recoveryB. development

C. studyD. growth

50. A. protectedB. nursed

C. scoldedD. affected

[解析]48. C從上文的He had lost his appetite...，可知患者感冒了，食欲不振，所以不如以前“活躍”了，故選C。

49. A由 上文His mother...for more vitamin C， 可知媽媽不斷給他補(bǔ)充維生素C，這是能幫助其“恢復(fù)”健康的，故選A。

50. B由上文得知，母親不斷給患者orange juice，說明患者的媽媽對他的細(xì)心“照料”，故選B。

2. 巧用下關(guān)聯(lián)，捕捉線索。

有時(shí)只根據(jù)上文信息是無法確定正確選項(xiàng)的，此時(shí)就要從“空白處”的下文去搜尋線索，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞句。如：

(2010天津)Robert Moody， 52， is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with

16 an gang (團(tuán)伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often ran into trouble， he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day off.

Those fun trips had a lasting impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day， while working security at a school basketball game， Moody noticed...

...“As a policeman， I saw where there was violence， drugs were always behind it....” says Moody.

...

“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer pressures in high school，” says Michelle，“And I was able to help my little brother avoid drugs.”

16. A. drinking B. drug

C. securityD. smoking

解析：此題根據(jù)上文無法選出正確答案，而且選項(xiàng)C的干擾性很大。但從下文第三段和第五段可搜索到drugs were always behind it， talking about drugs， avoid drugs等，多處出現(xiàn)drugs，可以推斷Robert Moody是幫助他們遠(yuǎn)離毒品，因此選項(xiàng)B符合全文的主題。

當(dāng)然，有時(shí)還要綜合上下文信息才能選出正確答案。

[即時(shí)練習(xí)]

(1)

(2010全國)The gentleman said no and told me that he needed to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his wife. He told me that she had been ４４for a while and that she had a special disease. ...

44. A. lateB. well

C. around D. there

(2)

The first day in the class， we met our teacher， Mr. Green， who just came back from France. He showed us a lot of pictures of paintings of famous artists all around the world and told us some stories about art history. He said， “Everyone is an２6. Everyone can draw or paint. Art is a silent language which can express human feelings.”

26. A. actorB. artist

C. author D. editor

(3)

Treat yourself nicely at that time because you need it. Just like someone else in time of need ... If you can afford anything， afford it. You can ２５ money later again， you can earn your time again， but you have to put yourself together first. You have to stand up first.

25. A. spend B. borrow C. keepD. earn

答案與解析：

1. D因?yàn)閠here指代上文中的地點(diǎn)名詞短語the nursing home。

2. B由下文Everyone can draw or paint可知。

3. D 從后面的can earn your time可得到啟示：指錢花掉了，以后可以“賺”回來。

（作者單位：深圳市新安中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校蔣小青