試論英漢翻譯中語篇重構的連貫與美感

摘 要：語篇的定義十分廣泛，小到一個句子，大到一本書都可以看成一個語篇。本文探討語篇的重構問題，即語篇在英漢翻譯中的建構問題。但是有時由于英漢思維方式的不同，也存在著某些差異。此時在語篇重構時需要調整。但如何語篇重構，體現語言的美感，是本文探討的問題。

關鍵詞：語篇 銜接 連貫 美感

I. Introduction

In this thesis， some details about text and some general simple methods about reconstructing a text which are explored so as to make the target language text smooth and coherent in English-Chinese text translation.

II. Cohesion and coherence

Cohesion is the surface structure. It connects together the actual words and expressions that we can see or hear. It is a very important factor for a writer to organize a text and for reader to distinguish a text. Translation can certainly not be without cohesion.

Coherence is the whole effect of a text in situational context. Every part in a text must connect with each other in meaning， they must be cohesive.

III. The Effects of Coherence in English-Chinese Text Translation

A text is coherent and there is no essential relationship between cohesion and coherence， and human beings do not need formal textual markers to interpret the coherence of a text. For example:

A: I am out of petrol

B: There is a garage around the corner.

(Brown Yule， 1983:32)

Obviously， this is a coherent text. However， there are no formal textual markers in it. The interpretation of the coherence of this text lays in the assumption that speaker A is adhering to the cooperative principle. That is， there is a garage nearby and it is open and sells petrol to customers.

IV. The Effects of Sense of Beauty in English-Chinese Text Translation

When we read two versions of text translation of a text， we feel that one is more acceptable than the other. What is the reason for that? For example:

In remote mountains of central China， moisture， born on the monsoons， nurtures a forest world of isolation and mystery. Across ages， bamboo has flourished in the persistent mists， erecting nearly impenetrable thicker—barriers against time and the outside world.

（賈文波，2000:167）原譯：在中國中部的深山老林中，雨季帶來的潮氣滋潤了一片與世隔絕的，神秘莫測的叢林世界。長久以來，竹子在這片彌久不散的薄霧中繁衍生息，支起一道道幾乎難逾越的屏障，阻隔了時空。

(賈文波，2000:167)改譯：在中國中部偏遠的群山中，雨季帶來的濕潤空氣，滋潤了一片與世隔絕的神秘森林。多少年以來，竹子在這片彌久不散的薄霧中繁茂生長，一派生機，筑起了一道道幾乎無法穿越的“竹屏”，阻隔了時空，阻隔了外界。

(毛榮貴，2005:231)The reason is that its sense of beauty that was in its mentality rather than words; was in the essence of beauty rather than appearance of beauty. That is how to understand the beauty of Chinese， direct affects the quality of translation.

V. Thinking Pattern

Since different cultural background makes different active forms and life atmosphere， which makes every given people of the same culture form various thinking pattern. Here is an example:

“It is a truth universally acknowledges that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want a wife”.

凡是有錢的單身漢， 總想娶一位太太， 這已經成了一條舉世公認的真理.

(Wang， 2004:1)

Westerners are likely to put the things which they emphasized before their text， which is topic-first. Instead， Chinese often use generalization organ onto represent the topic， which is topic-delayed. It also means that we translate English text， we need to re-construct the text， then we get a kind of sense of beauty.

VI. Text re-construction in English-Chinese translation

Nord said: “the text can only be understood and analyzed within and in relation to the framework of communication act-in-situation.” (Nord， 1991:12) Different situation of a text may elicit different meaning of a text. And text emphasizes the wholeness and unity in the process of text-reconstruction in English-Chinese of the research in translation and practice.

Since different language has different text-construction. It is necessarily for translator to know text-construction of original language first. And when there is difference between Chinese and westerners in thought pattern; a translator has to make some alternations in the target text. Cohesion and coherence should be employed to reconstruct in target text.

VII. Conclusion

A text does not exist by itself. It is always in relation to other texts. It is very difficult for a translator to deal with a text-translation.

A text hangs together primarily because it has coherence. Coherence is the whole effect of a text in situational context. Every part in a text must connect with each other in meaning， that is， they must be cohesive. They are basic techniques to make a whole text. In order to make a good translation， a translator must grasp the true meaning of them and apply then in the translation. Different situation of a text may elicit different meaning of the text. There is difference between Chinese and westerners in thinking patterns， so a translator should pay much attention to it when re-construct the text.

參考文獻：

[1] Brown，G..and Yule，G. Discourse Analysis [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press， 1983.

[2] 賈文波：應用翻譯功能論[M]， 北京：中國對外翻譯出版公司，2004

[3]毛榮貴：翻譯美學[M]，上海：上海交通大學出版社，2005