弗雷斯諾大都會博物館，弗雷斯諾，美國

1 模型，西南向鳥瞰/Model, southwest aerial view

2 地段模型/Site model

新的弗雷斯諾科學(xué)和藝術(shù)大都會博物館是該城市新藝術(shù)區(qū)的第一個(gè)規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目。作為復(fù)興弗雷斯諾市中心的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)巨大的懸臂式建筑物在街道層覆蓋了一個(gè)大型公共廣場。在建筑物的3個(gè)主要基座間有一系列的通路，鼓勵路人穿過整個(gè)城市街區(qū)。

圖解與背景

博物館目前位于1933年建成的弗雷斯諾·比大樓內(nèi)。這棟著名的歷史建筑物的所有空間都已經(jīng)被使用，所以需要擴(kuò)建，為永久藏品和巡回展覽提供空間。新的建筑物緊鄰弗雷斯諾·比大樓和其他兩個(gè)文化建筑——加州中部歷史博物館和新的弗雷斯諾中央圖書館，這兩棟建筑再加上博物館，將為該城市和區(qū)域構(gòu)成一個(gè)新的文化中心。

上層畫廊，下層廣場

在博物館懸臂式的陽傘下，設(shè)有一個(gè)水池，通過反射的光線使建筑表皮更為靈動，同時(shí)也在炎熱的夏季給這一區(qū)域提供了涼快的休息空間。廣場的平面形狀還為人們在季節(jié)性的洪水期內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了一系列聚集區(qū)。

在廣場上面，區(qū)域藝術(shù)和科學(xué)博物館圍繞著永久性的科學(xué)展廊和藝術(shù)展廊布置。介于中間的空間——包括藝術(shù)、科學(xué)和知識觀測室，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)展廊以及學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室——鼓勵多元化的研究和探索，使博物館成為了一個(gè)動態(tài)、交互的探索性環(huán)境。展廊層比廣場層約高出9.1m，參觀者可以通過一個(gè)露天劇場到達(dá)屋頂，該露天劇場可以作為博物館的大型媒體中心，也可以舉辦獨(dú)立的文化活動，比如，晚間電影放映。參觀者可以在屋頂一覽周圍的城市環(huán)境，并理解博物館在城市及更大區(qū)域背景中的位置和意義。

管理的靈活性

博物館提倡跨學(xué)科的合作和學(xué)習(xí)，跨越傳統(tǒng)文化或教育的界限，這在永久展覽的組織上有所體現(xiàn)。陳列櫥窗分布在博物館內(nèi)，使公眾可以欣賞里面的藏品。該設(shè)計(jì)方式的效果也可以從藝術(shù)品保管室的設(shè)計(jì)中體現(xiàn)——兩層高的觀賞空間位于展覽層的中心。這個(gè)交互區(qū)，以及博物館的多個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)和知識展廊，都可以從下面的公共廣場看到。建筑物的立面設(shè)計(jì)也使人們得以看到博物館的核心。□

The design for the new Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Science is the first planned element in the city's new Arts District. Envisioned as a pivotal project in the revitalization of downtown Fresno, the expansive, cantilevered building shelters a broad public plaza at street level. A series of informal series of paths within and among the building's three central piers, encourages movement and activity across the entire the urban block.

Iconography and Context

The Museum is currently housed in the Fresno Bee Building, an existing 1933 newspaper building.The historic building had exhausted all available space and needed an expanded building to accommodate the permanent collect and traveling exhibition. The new building is immediately adjacent to the Fresno Bee Building as well as two other cultural institutions, the Central California History Museum and the new Fresno Central Library,which, together with the Museum, will form the core of a new cultural center for the city and the region.

Galleries Above, Plaza Below

Beneath the cantilevered parasol of the museum's galleries, a reflective pool animates the building's faceted belly with reflected light and provides respite from the region's intense summer temperatures. The plane of the plaza is shaped to allow the creation of this seasonal microclimate through incremental flooding－creating a series of gathering areas for individuals and groups at the base of the museum.

3 模型，東北向鳥瞰/Model, northeast aerial view

4 交通圖示/Circulation diagram

5 效果圖，屋頂/Rendering, roof

6 效果圖，建筑下部及水池/Rendering, belly and pool

7 模型制作/Model making

8 過程模型，屋頂/Process model, roof

9 模型，屋頂細(xì)部/Model, roof detail

10 過程模型，景觀/Process model, landscape

Above the plaza, the regional art and science museum is organized around a series of permanent science galleries and a large flexible art gallery.Intervening spaces, including the Art, Science and Knowledge Observatory, art and science response galleries, and learning labs encourage crossdisciplinary exploration and transform the museum's collection into a dynamic, interactive environment of discovery. From this Gallery Level, lifted thirty feet above the plaza below, visitors can access the roof via an open-air amphitheater, which serves both as part of the museum's larger media center and as a forum for independent cultural events such as evening film screenings. At this rooftop vantage point, visitors can begin to understand the museum's position within the city and its larger, regional context.

Curatorial Flexibility

The museum's pedagogical commitment to cross-disciplinary collaboration and learning across traditional cultural or educational boundaries is reflected by the permanent collection organization.A display of vitrines are distributed throughout the museum, making the collection accessible to the public. This strategy is also evident in the collections storage area where a double-height viewing space is located at the center of the Gallery Level. This zone of interaction, as well as several of the museum's learning labs and the Art, Science and Knowledge Gallery, are each revealed to visitors in the public plaza below, as the building's facade peels back to allow a glimpse into the heart of the institution.□

類型/Type: 科學(xué)和藝術(shù)博物館，弗雷斯諾·比老建筑的擴(kuò)建/Science & art museum, expansion of historic Fresno Bee Building

面積/Size: 9 290m2/100 000 sf

狀態(tài)/Status: 第一階段完成于2008年/Phase I Completed 2008

11 展廳層平面/Plan, gallery level

12 A-A剖面/Section A-A

13 夾層平面/Plan, mezzanine level

14 B-B剖面/Section B-B

15 廣場層平面/Plan, plaza level

16 C-C剖面/Section C-C

17 停車層平面/Plan, parking level

18 D-D剖面/Section D-D