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根據廣東高考完形填空題的特點，不考虛詞(代詞、冠詞、介詞和關聯詞)、不考語法、不考固定搭配(指只需記住固定搭配無需理解篇章意義即可選出答案的題)、不考同義詞辨析，只考實詞(名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞四類詞)，且重點考查考生對語篇意義的理解，對上下文詞匯銜接關系的把握，特別是跨越句子之間的語義關聯或銜接，即語義的連貫。

英國語言學家韓禮德和哈桑認為，詞匯銜接關系分為復現關系和同現關系。廣東高考題完形填空的絕大多數空格都是考查詞匯銜接關系的，因此，充分了解復現關系和同現關系，并運用到解題上，解答完形填空就又快又準了。

一、詞語復現

詞語復現是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語篇中重復出現，以達到句子之間相互銜接的目的。

詞語復現可分為原詞復現、同源詞復現(又叫同根詞復現)、同義詞或近義詞復現、上義詞和下義詞復現(即總括與分述，如animal 是sheep， tiger， wolf等的上義詞；rose 是flower 的下義詞)等。

了解詞語復現這種銜接手段，有助于快速準確地解答完形填空題。

[例1](2011廣東)It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. ...There can be little doubt that 4classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However， ...

A. regularB. specialC. smallD. creative

解析：與前文中的special classes是原詞復現，故選B。

[例2](2008廣東)There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head

while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27.

A. casesB. toolsC. stepsD. methods

解析：因methods與前文中的ways是同義詞復現，故選D。

[例3](2011廣東)Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However， this11is more often from parents and teachers than from students...

A. concernB. conclusion

C. reflectionD. interest

解析：因concern (n.擔心)與上文的concerned (adj.擔心的)是同源詞復現或同根詞復現，故選A。

[例4](2011廣東)However， this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students， and some of these 12simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.

A. studentsB. adultsC. scholarsD. teachers

解析：因adults是上文parents and teachers的上義詞，即這是上下義詞復現，故選A。

特別提醒：我們說詞語復現對解答完形填空非常有用，但并不意味著與文章中出現的詞語復現的選項就是正確答案。我們必須明確，作者運用詞語復現的手段，其目的是使語義銜接、語篇連貫。我們使用此技巧解題時，一定要注意上下文意義的關聯或銜接，否則，就會出錯。因為命題人往往會設置一些與文中詞語復現的錯誤選項，我們千萬不要掉入陷阱。

二、詞語同現

某些語義相關聯的詞語在語篇中共同出現的傾向性，叫詞語同現，也有人稱之為“詞場”。 同現詞之間有反義或相對關系，或者同類互補關系等，如different與same; cruel與friendly;death(死亡)與destruction(毀滅); ill， pale， patient， nurse， doctor和operation等。

一個語篇往往會圍繞著某一主題或話題，與此相關的詞就可能會共同出現，以實現語篇銜接。如2011年廣東高考完形填空的短文，是圍繞把優生從普通班里分出去會帶來嚴重問題這一主題展開的，涉及這一主題的可能有“普通班”“特殊班”“優生”“普通生”，以及學校、老師、學習等等，因此，special， gifted， intelligent， top， regular， average， school， classes， teachers， children， learning這些相互關聯的詞語就很可能會同時出現在語篇之中。

了解詞語同現，對正確解答完形填空題很有幫助。

[例5](2011廣東)The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the average children.

A. designingB. groupingC. learningD. living

解析：與classes， children， intellectual同現的單詞，很可能是learning，故選C。

[例6](2010廣東)You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to24the building.

A. enterB. leaveC. openD. close

解析：因有push(推)就有pull(拉)，有go out of(出去)就會有enter(進入)，這些詞語都有共同出現的傾向性，故選A。

三、邏輯推斷

根據上下文的邏輯關系來推斷正確答案，邏輯關系包括因果關系、對比關系、并列關系、轉折關系、讓步關系、遞進關系、條件與結果的關系等。從五年來的廣東高考完形填空題來看，最多的是利用因果關系來推斷正確答案。

[例7](2011廣東)In the regular class， having no worry about keeping up， they (intelligent children) began to reflect9 on many problems， some of which were not on the school program.

A. directlyB. cleverlyC. voluntarilyD. quickly

解析：因為having no worry about keeping up(因為不擔心跟不上)，所以“自動地(voluntarily)”考慮許多問題，因果推斷，選C。(現在分詞短語表示原因)

[例8](2009廣東)Nobel was 24 to find out not that he had died， but that， when his time was up， he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.

A. upsetB. anxiousC. excitedD. pleased

解析：因他發現當自己死后被認為是靠制造死亡和毀滅獲取利潤的人，所以他感到“傷心難過”，故選A。(在表示情感變化的形容詞后的不定式表示原因)

[例9](2008廣東)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents.

A. uncomfortableB. unbelievable

C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable

解析：因changed so much，結果父母“認不出來”了，故選D。(that 引導結果狀語從句)

四、背景常識

將文段意思和我們原有的生活經驗、文化背景知識，以及科普常識等結合起來，進行簡單推理，從而得出正確答案。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理；邏輯推理離不開背景常識。

[例10](2010廣東)In South Korea， we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning， I hurried to the bus， and when the bus doors opened， I29tried to get on the school bus through the front door.

A. politelyB. patiently

C. unconsciously D. slowly

解析：由前文可知，因韓國不必等別人下了車再上，作者當時是初來美國的韓國人，在韓國土生土長，由常識可知，作者早已習慣不等別人先下了再上車，習慣成自然嘛，所以看到校車將門打開后，就“無意識地，不知不覺地”上車了，故選C。

[例11](2007廣東)After doing a little research， I found this type of technology already available in English to consumers via a relatively 26 application called FaceCode.

A. independentB. infrequent

C. inexpensiveD. instant

解析：根據常識“天下沒有免費的午餐”，要“得到”某物就可能需要花“錢”，也就涉及貴還是便宜，故選C。

[例12](2010廣東)All the students around looked at me， I was totally 30， and my face went red.

A. embarrassedB. annoyed

C. unsatisfied D. excited

解析：根據常識，周圍所有的人都看著作者，作者一定會“感到尷尬”，且臉都變紅了，故選A。

五、前后搭配

主要指動詞與介詞的搭配、動賓搭配及句式搭配等。廣東高考完形填空中主要考查動賓搭配。能不能搭配，除涉及詞語的用法外，還需結合常識來判斷。

[例13](2009廣東)On April 12， 1888， Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper21 his brother for him and ...

A. foundB. misunderstood

C. mistookD. judged

解析：根據動介搭配，能與后面的介詞for搭配的，只有mistook，故選C。(注：這類題是極少考查的，五年僅此一題)

[例14](2009廣東)...Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel Prizes， ...

A. establishB. formC. developD. promote

解析：根據動賓搭配及常識，應是“設立諾貝爾獎”，即establish the Nobel prizes，故選A。“形成”“發展”“促進”都不能與“獎”搭配。

完形填空中，有的題既可以用這種技巧解答，又可用那種技巧來解答，也有的可能要結合兩種或多種技巧才能解答。

完全可以這樣說，只要你熟練掌握并能靈活運用這五個技巧，廣東高考完形填空對你不再是難題。

但是，所有的方法或技巧都是一種輔助作用，都必須建立在扎實的語言基礎之上。如果詞匯不過關，句子理不順，篇章意義不理解，任何方法或技巧都將無濟于事。

靈活運用

請運用以上技巧解答以下廣東高考真題，并指出運用了哪種技巧。(注：因2011年的廣東高考完形填空題在第本刊第7，8期合刊上已刊登，此處不再重復)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項。

(2010年)

Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors， doors may have 21 functions and purposes which lead to 22differences.

When I first came to America， I noticed that a public building had two different23 and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to24the building. This was new to me， because we use the 25door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.

The way of using school bus doors was also 26to me. I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors， 27who were getting off the bus should get off first， and students who were getting on should get on 28. In South Korea， we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning， I hurried to the bus， and when the bus doors opened， I29tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me， I was totally 30， and my face went red.

21. A. differentB. important

C. practicalD. unusual

22. A. nationalB. embarrassing

C. culturalD. amazing

23. A. exitsB. entrances

C. signsD. doors

24. A. enter B. leave

C. open D. close

25. A. main B. same

C. front D. back

26. A. annoyingB. hard

C. satisfyingD. strange

27. A. parentsB. students

C. teachers D. drivers

28. A. soonerB. later

C. faster D. earlier

29. A. politelyB. patiently

C. unconsciouslyD. slowly

30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed

C. unsatisfied D. excited

(2009年)

Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining， construction， and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸藥). On April 12， 1888， Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and carried an article 22 the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead.” the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel， who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before， died.” Nobel was24 to find out not that he had died， but that， when his time was up， he would be thought of only as one who profited from 25and destruction.

To make sure that he was ２６ with love and respect， Nobel arranged in his ２７ to give the largest part of his money to ２８ the Nobel prizes， which would be awarded to people who made great ２９to the causes of peace， literature， and the sciences. So ３０， Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.

21. A. found B. misunderstood

C. mistookD. judged

22. A. introducingB. announcing

C. implyingD. advertising

23. A. famousB. sick

C. richD. popular

24. A. upsetB. anxious

C. excited D. pleased

25. A. death B. disease

C. trouble D. attack

26. A. repaidB. described

C. supported D. remembered

27. A. bookB. article

C. willD. contract

28. A. establishB. form

C. developD. promote

29. A. additionsB. sacrifices

C. changesD. contributions

30. A. generallyB. basically

C. usuallyD. certainly