語法填空中的詞類轉化題

一、考點分析

在近五年的廣東高考語法填空中，每年都考查了詞類轉換題，這是一個必考點。因此，我們在復習備考中要引起重視，根據該詞在句中所作的句子成分，五年來共考查了三種情況：

1. 形容詞變成副詞

在句中修飾動詞、形容詞，或另一副詞，作狀語，要用副詞形式。

[例1]（2007廣東卷）We drank together and talked 38 （merry）till far into the night.

答案：merrily

解析：修飾動詞talked，作狀語，用副詞形式merrily。

[例2](2010廣東卷) His teacher took a deep drink， smiled 34 （warm）， and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.

答案：warmly

解析：修飾動詞smiled，作狀語，用副詞形式warmly。

[例3]（2011廣東卷）He must be20(mental) disabled.

答案: mentally

解析：修飾后面的形容詞disabled，作狀語，用副詞形式mentally。

2. 動詞變成名詞

在句中作主語或者賓語，要用名詞形式。

[例4]（2009廣東卷）But Jane knew from past experience that her36choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

答案：choice

解析：括號中所給的詞choose 雖然是動詞，但在句中作主語，應當填choose的名詞形式choice。順便提提，在形容詞性物主代詞后通常要接名詞。

3. 名詞變成形容詞，在句中作表語，定語或補語

[例5]（2008廣東卷） This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their39(nature) course.

答案：natural

解析：在名詞course前作定語，應當用形容詞natural。

雖然近幾年的高考中僅僅只考查了這三種變化，但是根據句子意思和前后邏輯關系，名詞變動詞，以及詞義轉換，詞類不變，如在詞根前加un-， il-， im-， 在詞根后加-less，-ness，-ment等情況，在考試中也是有可能會出現的，所以在平時的復習中，也應當注意。

二、模擬演練

1. Her《》35(curious) got the best of her(2010惠州一模)

2. As a result， many children are becoming less

20 (depend)， determined and ambitions than in the past. (2012惠州一調)

3. They are happy as long as I perform

23(wonder) in my exams. (2012惠州一調)

4. Now， the merchant’s first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great 8 (contribute) in maintaining his wealth.(2011茂名一模)

5. In order to avenge his father’s19 (die)， Fu let him live in a shabby stone house by his father’s tomb.(2011清遠一模)

6. Here is Moorehouse’s18 （describe) of her unbelievable flight. (2011佛山二模)

7. At one time I was far above the church towers， and seemed to be carried at a 21(distance) place. (2011佛山二模)

8. And maybe the most famous25 (treat)， having someone scare you， also helps beat the hiccups.(2011廣州二模)

9. There are 21 (comfort) feelings， often as any kind of physical pain.(2011廣州一模)

10. Problems are the serious test that tells success from22 (fail). (2011廣州一模)

11. English language is not an abstract system. Instead， it is a living form of25 (express).(2011揭陽一模)

12. With the wide16 (popular) of digital entertainment products， it is not uncommon to see people wearing headphones.(2011六校聯考)

13. However， doctors warn that such behavior can

19 (potential) damage their hearing. (2011六校聯考)

14.20 (apparent)， although no one wants to be alone all the time， everyone needs some degree of privacy.(2011陽江一模)

15. That means that they are under an22 (usual) amount of pressure or stress. (2011陽江一模)

答案與解析

1. curiosity 在物主代詞her的后面，要用名詞形式；也可以這樣判斷：作主語，要用名詞。curiosity意為“好奇心”。

2. independent 在系動詞are becoming之后作表語，用形容詞，與后面的形容詞determined 和 ambitious構成并列表語；同時根據邏輯關系，應當用否定形式，故填independent，意為“獨立自主的”。

3. wonderfully 修飾前面的動詞perform，作狀語，意為“不可思議地，極好地”。

4. contributions 在“動詞(made)+形容詞(great)”之后，用名詞作賓語。意為“貢獻”。

5. death 在名詞所有格father’s之后，用名詞，意為“死亡”。

6. description在名詞所有格后用名詞。

7. distant 在名place前作定語，用形容詞。distant意為“遙遠的”。

8. treatment 在句中作主語，用名詞，意為“治療方式”。

9. uncomfortable 在名詞feelings前作定語，用形容詞；根據邏輯關系，應當加上前綴 un-，意為“不舒服的”。

10. failure 作介詞的賓語，要用名詞，意為“失敗”。

11. expression作介詞的賓語，要用名詞。

12. popularity 作介詞with的賓語，要用名詞，意為“普及”。

13. potentially 修飾后面的動詞damage，作狀語，用副詞。意為“潛在地，可能地”。

14. Apparently 在句首，修飾整個句子，作狀語，用副詞，意為“顯然”。注意首字母要大寫。

15. unusual 在冠詞與名詞之間，應當用形容詞；根據上下文的邏輯，應當用否定形式，加上un-，意為“不尋常的，與眾不同的”。

（作者單位：惠州市博羅縣楊僑中學）

責任編校 蔣小青