運用句子間的邏輯關系解答完形填空

完形填空的文章結構嚴謹，層次分明，旨在考查考生的邏輯推理能力，即考查考生對上下文邏輯關系的理解。因此，考生答題時，必須弄清句子前后的邏輯關系，方可找出正確答案。完形填空中常考的邏輯關系有：

1. 轉折關系

表明前一種觀點與后一種觀點是相反的。表示轉折關系的詞有but， yet， however， nevertheless等。

[例1] The team met at the bridge. The canoeing was easier now， but there were other _________ . Bandits(強盜) shot at them once， but they were moving too fast.

A. excitementsB. lucks

C. problemsD. things

[解析]由表示轉折的but可知，與easier相對的應是problems最合適，故選C。

2. 讓步關系

表示盡管某種情況存在，主句所描述的仍然是事實或仍然有效。含有“雖然，盡管，即使”等意思。表示讓步關系的詞有although， though， after all， in spite of， regardless of等。

[例2] My latest victim is an energetic student. After school， he played football hard for two hours. Though _________ ， he still went to the cinema. (2009重慶)

A. excitedB. hurtC. lateD. tired

[解析]由文中的讓步關系可知，盡管很累，他還是去了電影院，故選D。

3. 因果關系

表示某一起因與結果的關系。表示因果關系的詞有because (of)， due to， owing to， thanks to， since， for， as， so， therefore， as a result， consequently， thus等。

[例3] I have sought love; first， because it brings so much joy， I would often have _________ all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.

A. spentB. wastedC. livedD. sacrificed

[解析]由句中的因果關系可知，因為愛可以帶來無限歡樂，所以我愿意“犧牲”余生去換取幾個小時這樣的欣喜，故選D。

4. 遞進關系

表示對某一事實或觀點做進一步的闡述或分析。表示遞進關系的詞有also， too， additionally， moreover， likewise， besides， in addition， not only...but also， apart from， what’s more等。

[例4] My patient laughs and says cancer has changed him. For the first time he is happy， no matter if his business is doing well or not， no matter if he wins or loses at golf. Two years ago， cancer asked me， “Okay， what’s important? What is really________?”

A. importantB. necessaryC. usefulD. hard

[解析]文中的邏輯關系沒有通過標志詞表現出來，但根據此空前面的Okay， what’s important，與空后的really，可知此處是遞進關系，故選important。

5. 比較關系

表示對某一觀點或事物間的同一性進行比較。表示比較關系的詞有similarly， like， equally， in comparison， compar...with， as， just as等。

[例5] Bill loves to talk， and his wife is similarly _________.

A. conversable B. capable

C. unpredictable D. acceptable

[解析]根據similarly 所表示的比較關系可知，Bill的夫人也很健談，故選 conversable“健談的”。

6. 對比關系

表示對某一觀點或事物間的差異性進行對比。表示對比關系的詞有or， while， by comparison， by contrast， on the contrary， conversely， unlike， oppositely等。

[例6] Until the late 1700s， France was ruled by a king and a group of wealthy people. …The king and other aristocrats held all the power and were very_________ ， while the rest of the population had no power and very little money.

A. cruelB. wealthy

C. indifferent D. powerful

[解析]因while前后是對比關系，held all the power與had no power相對，與had very little money形成對比的應是were very wealthy，故選B。

完形填空的語篇是符合邏輯的，文章中的邏輯關系一般是通過關聯詞的正確使用所表現出來的。當然有時文中的邏輯關系沒有通過標志詞表現出來，而是隱藏在句子間，這時考生就需要認真弄清上下文的邏輯關系，進一步理解文章，從而找出正確答案。

活學活用

請運用句子之間的邏輯關系，給每空選出一個最佳選項。

1. Several years ago， a well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even _________ around. (2006上海)

A. runB. passC. moveD. travel

2. He was regarded to be one of the five greatest football players in the world. However， ten years ago， he was only an_________young player.

A. experiencedB. ordinary

C. ambitiousD. imaginable

3. An old woman in the supermarket had trouble getting her left shoe back on her foot. The problem was that she couldn’t find a good place to balance herself. I ran up next to her and asked， “Would you like some help?”“Oh please.”“I_________my shoe because it had a small stone inside.”

A. pulled onB. put on

C. took offD. washed away

4. Although sometimes it is true that failure is just like a sharp knife deeply jabbing your heart， in the meantime， it gives you the power and helps you grow up and have the strong will. It also teaches you to be calm and_________when you are in trouble.

A. braveB. enthusiastic

C. satisfactoryD. interesting

5. We must help people to find houses outside the city， but equally， we must remember that some city people want to _________ where they are.

A. findB. hideC. remainD. leave

6. Thoughts can imprison us in fear and doubt or _________us from pain and suffering.

A. imprisonB. punishC. liberateD. involve

7. Apparently， although no one wants to be _________all the time， everyone needs some degree of privacy.

A. noisyB. aloneC. personalD. sociable

答案與解析

1. C。文中的邏輯關系沒有通過標志詞表現出來，但由句子前后語境中的因果關系可知Norman Cousins由于身患重病，所以無法走動。

2. B。由表示轉折的however可知，與greatest相對的應是ordinary最合適，故選B。

3. C。由因果關系可知，因為鞋里有石頭，所以要把鞋“脫下”來，故選C。

4. A。由表現遞進關系的also可知，這句話將繼續闡述失敗給人帶來的好處：教會你在處于困境中時，要冷靜和勇敢。故選A。

5. C。由轉折關系可知，句意為：我們必須幫助人們在城外找到住房，但同樣地，我們還得記住有些城里人想“留”在原處。

6. C。句中or表明前后是對比關系，與imprison(束縛)意義相反的應是liberate(解放)。

7. B。由讓步關系可知，該句意為：盡管沒有人想總是孤單一人，但每個人都需要不同程度的隱私權。

完形填空中的每一句話都不是孤立存在的，是靠上下文作依托，且環環相扣的。它涉及到文章的起承轉合、上下連貫。因此考生在做完形填空時應通過自己對句子間邏輯關系的正確理解，來找出正確的答案。

(作者單位：深圳市新安中學)

責任編校 蔣小青