了解英漢思維差異,寫出純正地道英語(yǔ)

我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行英文寫作的時(shí)候經(jīng)常談到語(yǔ)言地道，語(yǔ)言地道是要體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)民族的思維方式，只有反映出英語(yǔ)思維獨(dú)特方式的表達(dá)才可以稱為地道。可是，漢語(yǔ)思維明顯地有別于英語(yǔ)，具體表現(xiàn)如下：

如果用左面的漢語(yǔ)思維方式就會(huì)造出中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)，句子讀起來(lái)非常不地道，但是如果我們使用右邊的思維方式，那么句子馬上變得地道。下面用具體事例展示中英文思維方式的差異：

1. 英語(yǔ)思維方式之一：先表態(tài)，后敘事。

[例1]人們前往動(dòng)物園都想和可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物拍照留念，這是情理之中的事情。(2009年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù))

[英譯]It is reasonable that many people who go to the zoo want to take photos with the lovely animals.

[例2]只有當(dāng)孩子們鼓起挑戰(zhàn)困難的勇氣才能夠克服困難，我們堅(jiān)信這一點(diǎn)。(2010年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù))

[英譯]We are firmly convinced that only when children pluck up the courage to challenge difficulty can they overcome difficulty.

[例3]有趣的是，在以偉人為偶像方面，數(shù)據(jù)(18%)沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出性別方面的差異。(2007年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫作)

[英譯]Interestingly， the data (18%) show no sex difference at all with regard to great figures.

[例4]令人意料不到的是，大約5.4億人受到二手煙的影響。(2010年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫作)

[英譯]Unexpectedly， around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoking.

2. 英語(yǔ)思維方式之二：先結(jié)果后原因。

[例5]因?yàn)門homas Edison的偉大發(fā)明大大地改變了我們的生活，所以他是我的偶像。(2007年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫作)

[英譯]Thomas Edison is my idol because his great inventions have greatly changed our life.

[例6]因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)與中學(xué)生活的差異，Mike覺(jué)得大學(xué)第一年很難熬。(2008年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)概括部分)

[英譯]Mike found his first year of college tough because of its difference from his middle school life.

3. 英語(yǔ)思維方式之三：先重要，后次要。

[例7]射擊起源于一種生存的技能，直到19世紀(jì)末才發(fā)展為一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。(2008年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫作)

[英譯]Shooting， originally as a way of surviving， did not develop into a sport event until the end of the 19th century.

[例8]在校學(xué)生50%多一點(diǎn)患有近視，這是全世界之最。(2009年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫作)

[英譯]Slightly more than 50% school children are short-sighted， ranking the first in the world.

4. 英語(yǔ)思維方式之四：以三為排列單位。

漢語(yǔ)思維常以偶數(shù)為排列單位。但是，英語(yǔ)思維多以三為排列單位。

[例9](漢語(yǔ)思維)This faith has encouraged me and helped me make progress. Finally I won respect from my classmates. (2010年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)學(xué)生樣本)

(英語(yǔ)思維)This faith has encouraged me， helped me make progress and won respect from my classmates.

[例10](漢語(yǔ)思維)I will， first of all， learn to look after myself and to manage my own life. Also I will get along well with different people. (07年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)學(xué)生樣本)

(英語(yǔ)思維)I will， first of all， learn to look after myself， to manage my own life and to get along well with different people.

再看例子：

[例11]毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，考拉看上去如此懶懶散散、昏昏欲睡，但是非常可愛(ài)！(2009年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù))

[英譯]There is no doubt that the koalas look so lazy， sleepy but lovely!

[例12]我的父母為我做合口味的食物，及時(shí)幫我洗衣服， 在需要時(shí)給我零花錢。(2007年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù))

[英譯]My parents cook the food to our taste， do the washing in time， and give me money when I need it.

5. 英語(yǔ)思維方式之五：從小到大排列

[例13]各個(gè)代表進(jìn)入二號(hào)教學(xué)樓101房，會(huì)議就是在那里舉行的。

The representatives came into Room 101 of the No.2 Teaching Building， where the meeting was held.

[例14]Miss Brown volunteered to teach English in a small village school， deep in the mountains of a small city in Guizhou Province.

6. 英語(yǔ)思維方式之六：先總后分（先結(jié)論后論據(jù)）

[例15]Sharing helps people to reach out to one another with no barriers of race， color or religion.（總的結(jié)論、論點(diǎn)） It creates tolerance， acceptance and understanding， which are all primary factors for living together on this fragile planet. We can be living next door to someone whose cultural background is completely opposite of our own. Sharing is one of the most important and fascinating qualities because it creates a man with love， generosity and good nature instead of prejudice， anger and resentment（分述論據(jù)）.

靈活運(yùn)用

運(yùn)用中英文思維方式差異原理，完成下列寫作：

基礎(chǔ)寫作練習(xí)1

[寫作內(nèi)容]

用英語(yǔ)寫一篇題為《什么時(shí)候握手》的短文。

1. 第一次見(jiàn)面要握手。

2. 朋友們好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)面要握手。

3. 不管誰(shuí)要與你握手，你當(dāng)然不能拒絕。否則是不禮貌的。

4. 兩人是同一性別時(shí)，年長(zhǎng)的先伸出手來(lái)。

5. 兩人是不同性別時(shí)，要由女性先伸出手來(lái)。

[寫作要求]

請(qǐng)用5個(gè)規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子描述所給的全部信息。

基礎(chǔ)寫作練習(xí)2

[寫作內(nèi)容]

請(qǐng)你以學(xué)生會(huì)的名義寫一篇通知，張貼在大門口。

1. 下周六舉辦演講比賽，安排這次課外活動(dòng)主要是為了提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口頭表達(dá)能力。

2. 愿參加者請(qǐng)?jiān)谙轮苋郧暗侥銈儼嚅L(zhǎng)處報(bào)名登記（sign up）

3. 有5名教師應(yīng)邀擔(dān)任裁判。

4. 前十名獲獎(jiǎng)，歡迎大家光臨。

5. 通知日期是2007年2月4日。

[寫作要求]

請(qǐng)用5個(gè)規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子描述所給的全部信息。

基礎(chǔ)寫作練習(xí)3

目前中小學(xué)正在進(jìn)行課堂學(xué)習(xí)和課外學(xué)習(xí)效率的大討論，你是課外學(xué)習(xí)一方的代表，請(qǐng)從下列提示中選擇你認(rèn)為有關(guān)的信息寫成文章，就課堂學(xué)習(xí)和課外學(xué)習(xí)比較，向該學(xué)校報(bào)刊投稿。

[寫作內(nèi)容]

1. 課堂學(xué)習(xí)可以保證學(xué)生在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)到最多的知識(shí)。

2. 課外學(xué)習(xí)比課堂學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)到的知識(shí)更加牢固。

3. 知識(shí)來(lái)源于實(shí)踐，課外可以運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)。

4. 課堂學(xué)習(xí)也是非常重要的。

5. 有意義的學(xué)習(xí)才是有效的學(xué)習(xí)，課外學(xué)習(xí)更加能夠觸發(fā)有意義的學(xué)習(xí)。

6. 課外學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)生更加有興趣。

[寫作要求]

請(qǐng)用5個(gè)規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子描述所給的全部信息。

參考范文

基礎(chǔ)寫作練習(xí)1

When to Shake Hands

It is necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone（先表態(tài)后敘事）. And usually friends shake hands when they meet after not having seen each other for some time(先重要，后次要). If anyone offers to shake hands with you， you will of course shake hands because it would be impolite to refuse（先表態(tài)后敘事）. When two men or two women meet， it is usual for the older to put his or her hand first（先表態(tài)后敘事）. When a man and a woman meet， it is the woman who offers her hand first.

基礎(chǔ)寫作練習(xí)2

Notice

The Student Union will hold a department-wide English speech contest next Saturday in order to improve the students’ spoken English(先重要，后次要). Those who are willing to take part in the contest may sign

up with the monitors before next Wednesday(先重要，

后次要). Five teachers have been invited to work as judges. The top ten winners will be given awards as encouragement. Everybody is welcome to take part.

The Student Union

February 4， 2007

基礎(chǔ)寫作練習(xí)3

In my opinion， we can learn more outside the classroom than we do inside for the following reasons(先總后分). Firstly， we can learn knowledge better outside the classroom than inside. Secondly， we can apply the knowledge that we have learned outside the classroom because knowledge comes from practice (先結(jié)果后原因). Thirdly， learning outside the classroom can just trigger meaningful learning， which is the condition of effective learning(先重要，后次要). Lastly， we are more interested in learning outside the classroom.

(作者單位：廣州市第41中學(xué))

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青