“句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確”是高考寫作評分的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。因此,我們要在寫作中取得優(yōu)異成績,寫好正確的英語句子是前提。本文主要是引導(dǎo)同學(xué)們掌握好英語簡單句中的五個基本句型,當(dāng)然,在訓(xùn)練過程中也含有較多的復(fù)合句,此時我們關(guān)注的是主句和從句各自結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。
句型一:主語+ 不及物動詞(謂)
[說明]不及物動詞就是后面不能直接跟賓語的動詞。常見的不及物動詞有appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise, laugh, smile, live, study, arrive, cry, 1isten, walk等。如果需要跟賓語,其后需要加上一個適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
[運用]用英語表達(dá)以下各句。
1. 歲月如梭。/ 光陰似箭。
2. 為了構(gòu)建和諧社會,每個人應(yīng)該互相友好相處。
3. 年輕人都夢想者成功和勝利。
4. 大部分的吸煙者會死于肺癌。
5. 這個地區(qū)吸煙者的數(shù)量正以每年一萬人的速度增長。
6. 自從改革開放政策實施以來,中國沿海地區(qū)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
7. 在中國,每天消費的近30億個塑料袋造成了嚴(yán)重的資源浪費和環(huán)境污染。
句型二:主語+ 系動詞+ 表語
[說明]系動詞除了be外,還有表示“……起來”的feel(感覺,摸起來), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), look(看起來), appear(好像,顯得), seem(好像,似乎)等;表“轉(zhuǎn)變,變化”的become, get, grow, turn, go等;表示“保持,延續(xù)”的remain, keep, stay等。
在系動詞之后,可以跟形容詞、介詞短語、名詞等作表語。如:
The cake smells good. 這蛋糕聞起來很香。
It looks like a cat. 它看起來像一只貓。
The man is in the middle. 這個人在中間。
[運用]用英語表達(dá)以下各句。
1. 正如大部分人所見,我們城市的生活環(huán)境越來越差。
2. 我很榮幸被邀請在會議上發(fā)言。
3. 萬事開頭難。
4. 他似乎對這個話題一點都不感興趣。
5. 行動是通往知識的唯一道路。
6. 奧運村是一個充滿各種異國風(fēng)情的地方。
7. 明天誰會出席婚禮仍然未知。
8. 秋天葉子變黃了。
句型三:主語+ 及物動詞(謂)+ 賓語
[說明]及物動詞就是后面必須跟賓語,意思才完整的動詞。作賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、賓語從句、不定式或V-ing等。
跟不定式作賓語的動詞有attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, wish等。
跟V-ing作賓語的動詞有admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help, look forward to等。
[運用] 用英語表達(dá)以下各句。
1. 從他的所作所為,我們學(xué)習(xí)到:只要我們勇敢地面對困難,肯定會戰(zhàn)勝它們的。
2. 我們不得不取消幾天前定下的約會。
3. 不斷上升的城市人口造成了許多問題,譬如交通阻塞、住房問題、失業(yè)、環(huán)境破壞等等。
4. 不要以貌取人。
5. 國家計劃把更多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生輸送到有需要的地方去。
6. 隨著社會的發(fā)展,英語作為國際語言在溝通上發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。
7. 沒有人想被困難打敗。
8. 每次聽到這些話,她總會忍不住感動流淚。
句型四:主語+ 及物動詞(謂)+ 間接賓語 + 直接賓語
[說明]本句型的謂語動詞所發(fā)出的動作有兩個對象,一個為“人或動物等”,稱為間接賓語;另一個為“物或事”,稱為直接賓語。
本句型也可以把直接賓語置于間接賓語之前,此時應(yīng)加上介詞to或for。如:
He sent me a book.→He sent a book to me.他送了一本書給我。
He bought me a coat.→He bought a coat for me.他給我買了一本書。
間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。
[運用]用英語表達(dá)以下各句。
1. 分類之后,請把這些廢報紙、空瓶子送到回收站。
2. 出門前,告知父母你的去向。
3. 父親死后留給他一大筆債。
4. 你能抽出10分鐘給我做個訪問嗎?
5. 這位年輕護(hù)士給孩子們講了一個簡單但卻感人的故事。
6. 這次意料之外的自然災(zāi)害給受影響的人們帶了變化。
7. 為了不寵壞小孩,父母不要無論孩子想要什么都給他們。
8. 祝你好運!
9. 我可以答應(yīng)送你一臺新車,只要你成功通過駕駛考試。
句型五:主語+ 及物動詞(謂)+ 賓語+ 賓補
[說明]此句型的賓補可以為形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、名詞等。如:
We all consider the man honest and diligent.我們都認(rèn)為這個人誠實且勤奮。
No one will allow you to tell a lie.沒有人讓你說謊。
[運用]用英語表達(dá)以下各句。
1. 早睡早起會使人健康、富有和聰明。
2. 老師經(jīng)常鼓勵我們珍惜時間,把握每次機會。
3. 當(dāng)?shù)卣饋淼臅r候,辦公室的人感到地板在震動。
4. 相處一段時間之后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他很幽默。
5. 明天官員們將要討論這個問題。
6. 他這樣做,讓別人誤會了。
7. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不但給我們帶來了便利,而且使我們的生活更加多姿多彩。
8. 如果有需要的話,你可以讓空調(diào)一直開著。
參考譯文
句型一:
1. Time flies.
2. In order to build a harmonious society, every one should get along well with each other.
3. Young people dream of/about success and victory.
4. Most smokers will die of lung cancer.
5. The number of smokers in this area is increasing at the speed of 10,000 people each year.
6. Since the implement of the Reform and Open Policy, great changes have taken place in the coastal areas of China.
7. In China, about 3 billion plastic bags used/consumed every day results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution.
句型二:
1. As most people can see, the living condition of our city is getting worse and worse.
2. I felt honored to be invited to speak in the meeting.
3. All things are difficult before they are easy.
4. He seemed uninterested in this topic.
5. Activity is the only road to knowledge.
6. Olympic Village is a place full of various foreign cultures.
7. Who will be present at the wedding ceremony tomorrow remains unknown.
8. Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
句型三:
1. From what he has done, we learn that as long as we face the difficulties bravely, we’re sure to overcome them.
2. We have to cancel the appointment we made the other day.
3. The growing population of the city causes many problems, such as traffic jams, housing problems, unemployment, environmental destruction and so on.
4. Never judge a person only by his appearance.
5. The country plans to send more graduates to the places in need.
6. As the society develops, English as the international language is playing a more and more important role in communication.
7. No one wants to be defeated by difficulties.
8. Every time she hears these words, she can’t help being moved to tears.
句型四:
1. Please send these old newspapers and empty bottles to the recycling centre after sorting them out.
2. Tell your parents where you’re going before leaving home.
3. His father left him a heavy debt after his death.
4. Can you spare me ten minutes for an interview?
5. The young nurse told the children a simple but moving story.
6. This unexpected natural disaster brought changes to the people affected.
7. In order not to spoil children, parents shouldn’t give them whatever they want.
8. Wish you good luck!
9. I can promise you a new car on condition that/ as long as you succeed in passing the driving test.
句型五:
1. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
2. Teachers often encourage us to value time and seize every chance.
3. When the earthquake came, those in the office felt the floor shaking.
4. Having got along with him for some time, I found him very humorous.
5. The officials will have the problems discussed tomorrow.
6. He made himself misunderstood by doing so.
7. The Internet not only brings us convenience, but also makes our life more colorful.
8. You can leave the air conditioner working if it’s necessary.
(作者單位:廣州市第89中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青