防止先入為主,做好閱讀理解題

先入為主就是指先聽進去的話或先獲得的印象往往在頭腦中占有主導(dǎo)地位，以后再遇到不同的意見時，就不容易接受。考生在做閱讀理解題時當(dāng)遇到一些與常識有關(guān)的選項時很容易先入為主，文章內(nèi)容還沒細(xì)讀時就不假思索地選了這個選項。

[例1]Call up your parents and get them to send you some of your favourite childhood ornaments (裝飾品) for your tree.

The author suggests giving a call to parents on Christmas mainly to ____________.

A. express love to them

B. ask for some ornaments

C. follow the tradition

D. set an example for children

[解析]這道題的答案是B。可是有很多考生選了A。這就犯了先入為主的錯誤，因為他們認(rèn)為節(jié)日打電話給父母親就是向父母表達他們的愛或問候。

[例2]Yesterday it was our final game with the Comets for the championship. Their pitcher(投球手) Matt Crenshaw was a mean kid who never liked Larry—he could never strike him out. As Matt passed our bench on the way to the pitcher’s mound (投球區(qū))， he shouted at Larry， “Why don’t you go back to Snow White where you belong?” I heard him and jumped up， ready to give Matt a lesson， when Larry stepped between us. “Cut it out!” he yelled， pushing me away from Matt. “I can fight for myself. Let’s play baseball， okay?”

Larry stopped the author from fighting with Matt because _________.

A. he could fight with Matt himself

B. he knew he had no connection with Snow White

C. he considered giving Matt a lesson in the game

D. he wanted the author to ignore what Matt said

[解析]有的考生選A或D，都是根據(jù)自己已有的常識去判斷的，明顯犯了先入為主的錯誤。事實上，從Larry的回答“Let’s play baseball， okay? ”可知，Larry清楚自己的實力，能夠打敗對方球隊，以此來反擊Matt對自己的侮辱，所以他阻止了作者，故選C。

那么如何防止先入為主的錯誤呢？

1. 避免想當(dāng)然和經(jīng)驗主義，做題時要有耐心和細(xì)心。

2. 在遇到一些常識性的選項時要看能否在原文中找到依據(jù)，只有原文中有依據(jù)的才是正確答案。

請閱讀下列文段，然后選擇最佳選項。千萬別先入為主，選錯答案喲。

（１）

If you are a bird lover and have bird houses in your yard， it can be good to go the extra step: providing a bird bath. Once the birds in your neighborhood discover it， you will be surprised at how popular it becomes as they periodically stop by to take their daily bath.

1. What does the author further remind the readers of?

A. Birds tend to come near people living in a yard.

B. Everyone should love birds as much as possible.

C. Most birds enjoy living in the place which is near water.

D. It is helpful to provide a bird bath for the birds.

（2）

The weeklong camp is not cheap. It costs $1，300 for students who stay overnight and $800 for day students. But parents say they are willing to pay the high price to see their children learn about cutting-edge technology instead of sleeping away their summers.

This is the fifth summer Amy Rayburn has sent her son to the camp. This year， she spent nearly $3，000 to let him go for two weeks in a row.

“It really is worth it，” she said. “It gives him an academic and intellectual (智力的) way of channeling (疏導(dǎo)) his interest.”

When the company started 13 years ago， technology summer camps were not common. Now there’s a gap (空白) in the market for them， according to Karen Thurm Safran， the company’s vice president of marketing. The iPhone application class， she says， is in high demand (需求).

Ed Rayburn says the best part of the iD camp is that he can be with other people who are well-versed (熟練的) in gaming culture. “It’s like being in a school where everyone is friends，” he said.

2. What does Ed Rayburn in particular get out of the iD camp?

A. It has boosted his self-confidence.

B. It enables him to be with those who are into gaming.

C. It teaches him how to turn his interest into a career.

D. It enables him to improve his academic performance.

答案與解析

1. D。由 “Once the birds... daily bath.” 可知作者進一步提醒讀者在家附近放置一個鳥兒用的浴盆，這對小鳥來說很有益，故選D，但有的同學(xué)誤選了C。

2. B。由最后一段可知Ed Rayburn參加夏令營最大的收獲就是可以與精通電腦游戲的人一起學(xué)習(xí)，故選D，但有的考生先入為主，誤選了B或C。

(作者單位：深圳市寶安中學(xué))

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青