語法填空考點分析與專項練習

一、考點分析

語法填空題共有兩種形式，一種是純空格題，另一種是用所給詞的正確形式填空。五年來的語法填空測試的具體語法點分布與數量如下表所示：

通過上表可得知：

（1）每年考點分布比較平均，每個語法點最多考查兩次，如介詞、代詞、關聯詞與動詞。

（2）純空格題主要考查冠詞、介詞、代詞、關聯詞，其中關聯詞主要考點為引導定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句（時間狀語從句為主）的連詞和表轉折關系的連詞。

（3）用所給詞的正確形式填空，主要考查非謂語動詞、動詞的時態和語態、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、詞性轉換等四類語法考點。

（4）每年重要考點：冠詞、介詞、代詞、定語從句、非謂語動詞、動詞時態、比較級與詞性轉換（重點將形容詞轉為副詞）。其中介詞、代詞、非謂語動詞和動詞時態是每年必考點。

二、備考建議

（1）分析考題，可知介詞、冠詞、代詞主要考查考生對文段的理解，因此平常要多向學生強調句子結構，注重篇章邏輯。

（2）要把握各類從句的結構，尤其是定語從句，要弄清不同關聯詞的選用。

（3）非謂語動詞與動詞時態是中國學生的難點，但它們卻是英語語法的重點。我們在復習中必須重新歸納復習好最基本的八大時態。

（4）多訓練常見的比較級和詞性轉化規律，尤其是將形容詞轉化為副詞的基本規律。

三、專項練習

閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。

(1)

He was 1 president of a major advertising firm and I was a very young management consultant. I had been recommended to him by one of his employees 2 had seen my work and thought I had something to offer. I was nervous. At that stage in my career， 3 wasn’t very often that I got to talk to the president of a company. The appointment was at 10:00 a.m.， 4 one hour. I arrived early. just at 10， I was ushered(領) into a large and 5 (air) room， with furniture upholstered（裝上） in bright yellow. He had his shirtsleeves 6 (roll) up and a mean look on his face. “You’ve only got 20 minutes，” he barked. 7 I sat there， not saying a word. “I said， you’ve only got 20 minutes.” Again， not a word. “Your time’s ticking away. Why aren’t you saying anything?” “They’re 8 20 minutes，” I replied. “I can do whatever I want 9 them.” He 10 (burst) into laughter. We then spoke for an hour and a half. I got the job.

(2)

I have lived in my neighborhood for twenty years. It seems to me that I’ve spent at least ten of those years 1 (look) for a lost pet. Recently， I was at it again， going door-to-door looking for one of my own lost kitties， 2 little black cat named Nicholas who’d slipped out of the door before I could stop him. I made my rounds， visiting with all the neighbors， describing Nicholas. Familiar with this routine， everyone promised to keep an eye out and call me 3 they spotted him. Two blocks from my house， I noticed a gentleman raking（耙） leaves in the yard of a house 4 had recently been sold. I introduced myself and presented my new neighbor with the pictures of the 5 (miss) Nicholas， asking if he had seen him. “No，” he replied， “I’ve not seen a little black kitty around here.” He thought for a moment， looked at 6 and said， “But I know who you should ask. Several of my neighbors have told me that there’s a woman in the neighborhood who’s crazy 7 cats. They say she knows every cat around here， probably has dozens herself. They call her ‘The Cat Lady’ .Be sure to check with her.” “Oh， thank you，” I said 8 (eager). “Do you know where she lives?” He pointed a finger down the street， “It’s 9 one.” I followed his finger and started to laugh He. 10 (point) at my house!

參考答案與解析

(1)本文作者敘述了自己參加求職面試的一次經歷。

1. the 考冠詞，因president后有of 短語修飾。

2. who 考連詞，引導定語從句，先行詞是“one of his employers”。

3. it 考代詞，這里it作形式主語，代替主語從句“that I got to talk to the president of a company”。

4. for 考介詞，表示延續多久，用for加時間段。

5. airy 考詞性轉化，名詞轉化為形容詞，and連接兩個并列結構“large and airy”，修飾名詞“room”。

6. rolled 考非謂語動詞，have sth done 結構。

7. But 考連詞，上文他對我說只有20分鐘，但是我只是坐在那里，一句話不說。

8. my 考代詞。通過上下句，可得知我面對不友好的面試官，雖然很緊張，但是我用巧妙的回答“這是我的20分鐘。”化解了自己的尷尬，而且獲得面試官的欣賞。

9. with 考介詞，結合上文，固定詞組“do with”“處理”。

10. burst 考謂語動詞的時態，根據上下文語境可知，此處用一般過去時較合適，而且該動詞的過去式比較特殊，過去式、過去分詞都與動詞原形同形。

(2)作者敘述在鄰里找丟失的小黑貓的經歷。

1. looking 考非謂語動詞，句式結構“spend ...（in）doing”“花時間或金錢做……”，in可以省略。

2. a 考冠詞，泛指“一只小黑貓”。

3. if 考連詞，條件狀語從句，表示“如果他們發現這只小貓，他們就會打電話給我”。

4. that / which 考連詞，定語從句，代替前面名詞“house”。

5. missing 考詞性轉化，動詞變為形容詞，修飾后面名詞“Nicholas”。

6. me 考代詞，通過上下文可知他在與“我”對話，因此是看看“我”。

7. about 考介詞，短語結構“be crazy about”“對……著迷”。

8. eagerly 考詞性轉化，形容詞轉化為副詞，修飾動詞said。

9. that 考代詞，指示代詞，表遠處，“那個（房子）”。

10. was pointing 考謂語動詞的時態，指我順著他的手指看過去的時候，他正指著我的房子，因此用過去進行時比較恰當。

(作者單位：東莞市厚街中學)

責任編校 蔣小青