談談英語中的狀語

本文旨在引導考生了解狀語的特點，以便在高考寫作中寫出準確、生動的英語句子。

一、狀語的位置

一般說來狀語在句中的位置比較靈活，它可以處于句首、句中或句末。

1. 狀語位于句末。

狀語通常位于句末。如：

A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010.由Amy Chua 著的一本叫Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother的書于2010年出版了。(2011廣東高考)

若同時有時間狀語和地點狀語，通常是“地點+時間”。如：

He was born in Shanghai in 1993. 他1993年出生于上海。

2. 狀語位于句中。

頻度副詞等作狀語通常位于句中。具體位置有：

(1)如果沒有助動詞，狀語就位于動詞前面。

I often go to see a film．我經常看電影。

(2)如果動詞前有一個或幾個助動詞，狀語位于第一個助動詞之后。

He has already had his lunch．他已吃過午飯了。

(3)如果動詞是be，狀語就放在be動詞之后。

He is always at home．他總是在家。

3. 狀語位于句首。

為了強調狀語或者為了使它與上下文銜接更緊密，常將狀語放在句首。

They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often， we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness， which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them. 他們看不到別人溫和的一面。我們常常會竭力避免表現我們的弱點，包括許多的偽裝。但是只有當我們不偽裝勇敢和堅強，我們才能給予別人表現內心善良的機會。(2011廣東高考)

二、充當狀語的詞、短語或從句

狀語是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的。主要由副詞擔任。此外，形容詞、介詞短語、名詞詞組、動詞不定式短語、分詞短語及狀語從句都可以作狀語。

1. 副詞。

He speaks English very well. 他英語說得非常好。

2. 介詞短語。

Ten years ago， she began to live in Dalian.十年前她開始居住在大連。

The boy was praised for his bravery. 那個男孩因勇敢而受到表楊。

3. 分詞短語。

Having had a quarrel with his wife， he left home in a bad temper.他跟妻子爭吵之后，發著脾氣離開了家。

The students went away， laughing.那些學生笑著離開了。

Heated， liquids can be changed into gases.如果你加熱，液體就會變成汽體。

4. 不定式短語。

I come specially to see you.我專門來看你。(目的)

My father was surprised to hear the news. 我父親聽到這個消息很驚訝。(原因)

5. 狀語從句。

When she was 12 years old， she began to live in Dalian.她十二歲時就在大連住。

I will play football if I am not busy tomorrow.如果我明天不忙，我就去踢足球。

6.名詞詞組。

It can go all day and all night.它整日整夜走過不停。

Wait a moment.請等一會。

7. 形容詞。

He spent seven days in the wind and snow， cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地在風雪中過了七天。

Afraid of difficulties， they prefer to take the easy road.他們由于怕困難，寧愿走容易的路。

三、狀語在寫作中的運用

翻譯下列句子，注意狀語的譯法。

1. 看過這本書后，我們覺得它很有用。(分詞短語或從句)

2. 在老師的幫助下，我的英語取得了很大的進步。(介詞短語)

3. 吉姆全神貫注于學習，常常廢寢忘食。(分詞短語或從句)

4. 為了達到這個目標，我必須更加努力地學習。(不定式短語或從句)

5. 為了豐富我們的學校生活，學生會決定成立一個自行車俱樂部。(不定式短語)

參考譯文

1. Having read the book/ After we have read the book， I find it useful.

2. I have made great progress in English with the help of my English teacher.

3. Absorbed in his work /As he was absorbed in his work， Jim often forgets food and sleep.

4. In order to achieve this goal， I must study even harder. / I must study even harder so that I can achieve this goal. /I must study even harder so as to (=in order to) achieve this goal

5. In order to make our school life more colorful， the Scudents’ Union has decided to set up a Cycling Club.

(作者單位：茂名市電白水東中學)

責任編校 蔣小青