運用詞匯重現策略解答完形填空

近年來，高考英語完形填空試題在選項的設置上越來越淡化語法結構，而重在文意的理解，試題要求考生通過上下文的提示或暗示選出最佳選項。而詞匯重現則是上下文互相提示或暗示的常見手法之一，也有人稱之為詞匯復現或詞匯再現。

一、什么是詞匯重現

在英語中，詞匯重現是指某一個詞以它的原詞、同根詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞以及意思相

關的短語或句子的形式，在文章中反復出現，以使上下文銜接得更加緊密，或以達到強調的目的。

二、詞匯重現有哪些形式

詞匯重現的形式通常有三種：原詞或同根詞重現，同義詞、近義詞或反義詞重現和上下義詞重現。

（一）原詞或同根詞重現

因表達需要，通過運用原詞或同根詞重現策略，使同一概念在上下文中反復出現，以達到銜接或強調的目的。

〔例1〕（2011廣東）It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes， The 1 has been on the belief that...

1. A. principle B. theory

C. arguments D. classification

（答案：C）

〔例2〕（2011廣東）There can be little doubt that special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However， to take these 5out of the regular classes may create serious problems.

5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs

（答案：A）

〔例3〕（2010廣東）When I first came to America， I noticed that a public building had two different 23and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” ...

23. A. exitsB. entrances C. signsD. doors

（答案：D）

（二）同義詞、近義詞或反義詞重現

有時候，為了避免重復，會使用意思相同、相近或相反的詞或解釋性語言表達相同的意思。

〔例4〕（2011廣東）I observed a number of intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7class. In the special class...

7. A. separateB. regularC. newD. boring

（答案：B）

〔例5〕（2010全國）He replied that she no longer knew who he was， that she had not been able to47him in five years now. I was surprised， ...

47. A. recognizeB. answer C. believeD. expect

（答案：A）

〔例6〕（2010北京）At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew 39about stage design!

39. A. anythingB. something

C. everything D. nothing

（答案：D）

（三）上下義詞重現

在語言中，上下義是指詞匯的統稱和分屬或從屬關系。上義詞是統稱詞，下義詞是被包含的分類或個體。如：room是wall， floor， door， window的上義詞，反之，wall， floor， door， window則是room的下義詞。

〔例7〕（2010全國）The gentleman told me no and told me that he needed to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his 43. ...

Now I realize that in marriages， true love is acceptance of all that is. ...

43. A. daughterB. wifeC. motherD. sister

（答案：B）

〔例8〕（2010上海）...Have I given my readers all of the 63that is， facts， opinions， inferences - that they need in order to understand my main idea？

63. A. angles B. evidence

C. informationD. hints

（答案：C）

三、鞏固練習

運用詞匯重現策略，選擇最佳答案，并歸納各小題屬于哪一種形式的詞匯重現。

〔練習1〕（2010廣東） The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors，

27who were getting off the bus should get off first， and students who were getting on should get on later.

27. A. parentsB. students

C. teachers D. drivers

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習2〕（2010廣東）For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed. ...All the students around looked at me， I was totally 30 ， and my face went red.

30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed

C. unsatisfied D. excited

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習3〕（2011廣州一模）At around 30， mental abilities begin to decline， particularly your ability to do maths. But your ability to complete other tasks 6.

A. climbsB. stops C. mattersD. works

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習4〕（2010上海）The answer is adding， deleting， replacing， reordering， in other words revising. ...

...The musical had undergone several revisions due， in part， to problems with costuming and makeup （戲服和化妝）. For instance， Lloyd Webber53some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.

When you revise， ...

Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment.

53. A. rewrote B. releasedC. recorded D. reserved

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習5〕（2010上海）When you revise， you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose， or to include 55ideas or newly discovered information.

55. A. fixedB. ambitiousC. familiarD. fresh

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習6〕（2010全國）The happiest people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the best of everything they have.55isn’t about how to live through the storm， but how to dance in the rain.

55. A. Adventure B. BeautyC. TrustD. Life

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習7〕（2010湖北）It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of 32. Susan’s husband Mark watched her33into hopelessness and he was determined to use every possible means to help his wife.

32. A. weakness B. sickness C. darkness D. sadness

33. A. runB. sink C. jump D. step

△32：答案：_________，屬于_________重現。

△33： 答案：__________，屬于_________重現。

〔練習8〕（2010湖北）He taught her how to rely on her other 40， specifically her hearing， to determine where she was and how to adapt to her newenvironment.

40. A. feelingB. organsC. skills D. senses

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習9〕（2010年廣東卷）Every country has its own culture.

Even though each country uses doors， doors may have different functions and purposes which lead to22differences.

22. A. nationalB. embarrassing

C. culturalD. amazing

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

〔練習10〕（2010廣東）You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24the building.

24. A. enter B. leaveC. openD. close

△答案：__________，屬于__________重現。

鞏固練習參考答案：

〔練習1〕B， 原詞重現。

〔練習2〕A， 原詞重現。

〔練習3〕A， 與decline是反義詞重現。

〔練習4〕A， 與revise是近義詞重現。

〔練習5〕D， 與newly近義詞重現。

〔練習6〕D， 與live是同根詞重現。

〔練習7〕32. C， 與blind是上下義詞重現；33. B， 與thrown into是近義詞重現。

〔練習8〕D， 與hearing上下義詞重現。

〔練習9〕C， 與culture是同根詞重現。

〔練習10〕A， 與go out of是反義詞重現。

四、實戰演練

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1--15各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并指出相關的重現類型。

Folklore is the study of ancient customs， beliefs， and traditions of the common people. Who are these1people？ They are you and me. We continue to make folklore， but most people would link it only to the beliefs and stories of the rural people in the2days. Now let me take a look at some of Britain’s tales of supernatural beings.

3of the supernatural are common in Britain. In particular， there was a belief in fairies. Not all of these4are the friendly， people-loving characters that appear in Disney films， and in some folktales they are 5and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 6and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 7to the parents. It was then 8that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and 9the human baby with a fairy Changeling.

There were many ways to prevent this from happening. Hanging a knife over the head of the 10while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes was one of the recommended 11. However， hope was not lost even if the baby had been 12. In those cases there was often a way to get the 13baby back. You could place the Changeling on the fire and then it would rise up the chimney， and you would soon find your own child 14and sound nearby. Or if you were more 15，you could leave the Changeling to a magic in the neighborhood overnight， and in the morning you would return to find your own baby unharmed there.

1A. commonB. wise

C. traditionalD. rural

2A. unbelievable B. historical

C. old D. mysterious

3A. WritingsB. Customs

C. TraditionsD. Tales

4A. peopleB. fairies

C. believersD. supermen

5A. powerful B. cruel

C. frightened D. extraordinary

6A. sick B. slim C. short D. small

7A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable

C. unacceptableD. unrecognizable

8A. heard B. predictedC. fearedD. reported

9A. coveredB. changedC. replacedD. terrified

10A. fairy B. babyC. parentD. magic

11A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods

12A. missed B. stolenC. found D. lost

13A. littleB. paleC. sadD. real

14A. safeB. alive C. happy D. energetic

15A. anxious B. interestedC. cautious D. worried

（根據2011年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試（廣東卷）英語考試大綱的說明中的樣題改編）

實戰演練參考答案

五、結束語

由此可知，解答完形填空題時，在整體理解文章大意的基礎上，懂得靈活運用詞匯重現策略，也就基本能夠很好地解答完形填空試題。

(作者單位：佛山市南海區羅村高級中學)

責任編校蔣小青

“本文中所涉及到的圖表、公式、注解等請以PDF格式閱讀”