金融英語——常用詞匯(九十一)

Acredit analysis信用分析

The process of evaluating an applicant's loan request or a corporation's debt issue in order to determine the likelihood that the borrower will live up to his/her obligations.

評估申請人的貸款要求或公司債務(wù)發(fā)行以確定借款人履行還款義務(wù)的可能性之過程。是指在決定貸款和貸款限額時對企業(yè)的信用狀況所作的評價分析。通常包括償債能力、盈利能力以及資本結(jié)構(gòu)等。

credit analyst信用分析師

One who performs credit analysis.

從事信用分析的人員

credit balance信用余額，貸方余額

The amount remaining in a cash account or margin account after all securities have been paid for. Balance remaining after one of a series of bookkeeping entries. This amount represents a liability or income to the entity. (See Balance.)

所有證券被完全支付后在現(xiàn)金賬戶和保證金賬戶中的余額。

credit bureau信用調(diào)查機構(gòu)

An agency which collects and sells information about the creditworthiness of individuals.Clearinghouse of consumer credit information used by businesses to determine the creditworthiness of borrowers.

收集和銷售個人信用信息的機構(gòu)。

credit card信用卡

Any card that may be used repeatedly to borrow money or buy products and services on credit.

可憑之多次借款和賒銷產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的卡片。是指持卡人向特約商店進行消費購買行為時，僅憑簽賬，無需當時立即付賬的一種銀行卡。

credit check信用調(diào)查

The process of evaluating an applicant's loan request or a corporation's debt issue in order to determine the likelihood that the borrower will live up to his/her obligations. Also called credit analysis.

評估申請人的貸款要求或公司債務(wù)發(fā)行以確定借款人履行還款義務(wù)的可能性之過程。

credit cliff信用懸崖

A slang term meaning that credit deterioration could be compounded by provisions such as rating triggers or financial covenants. These can put pressure on the company's liquidity or its business to a material extent.

行業(yè)俚語，指評級觸發(fā)事件或財務(wù)契約等條款可能加劇公司信用惡化的情況，這可能對公司的流動現(xiàn)金或業(yè)務(wù)造成重大壓力。

credit crunch緊縮信貸

An economic condition whereby investment capital is difficult to obtain. Banks and investors become weary of lending funds to corporations thereby driving up the price of debt products for borrowers.

難以取得投資資金的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境。銀行及投資者對向企業(yè)借貸有所顧慮，因而推高債務(wù)產(chǎn)品的價格。

credit default swap信用違約轉(zhuǎn)換

A specific kind of counterparty agreement which allows the transfer of third party credit risk from one party to the other.

是一種特定的對手協(xié)議，允許將第三方風險由一方轉(zhuǎn)給另一方。

credit derivative信貸衍生工具

A contract between two parties that allows for the use of a derivative instrument to transfer credit risk from one party to another.

允許利用衍生工具將信用風險從一方轉(zhuǎn)移到另一方的合同。

credit derivatives信用衍生品

A contract that enables a user， such as a bank， to better manage its credit risk.A way of transferring credit risk to another party.

是指運用財務(wù)工程技術(shù)，將信用風險由原來的借貸雙方或交易雙方中分離出來，然后將此風險經(jīng)由衍生性商品市場，移轉(zhuǎn)給愿意承擔此風險的第三者。

credit enhancement 信用增級

The process of reducing credit risk by requiring collateral， insurance， or other agreements to provide the lender with reassurance that it will be compensated if the borrower defaulted. A technique to lower the interest payments on a bond by raising the issue's credit rating， often through insurance in the form of a financial guarantee or with standby letters of credit issued by a bank.

通過抵押品，保險或其他在貸款人違約時補償貸款人的再保險協(xié)議等來降低信用風險的過程。指提高企業(yè)信用等級的各種方法。例如，通過購買大保險公司的保險來增加資金信用，或減少負債來提高信用等級。