在語法填空中的考法

It的用法是高考中的常考點。下面結合全國各地考題，就it的四大熱門考點進行歸納。

熱門考點一：it用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的事情，性別不明或性別被認為不重要的人或動物。如：

My key is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.我的鑰匙不見了，哪里都找不到它。（代指鑰匙）

【真題回放】

1.（2008年廣東卷）It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.

答案：it

解析：代指前文中的（how）to help his crop grow up quickly。

2.（2010年廣東卷）Apparently， it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher，” Sir， the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?”

答案：it

解析：指前文提到的“水”（the water）。

熱門考點二：it作形式主語，it作形式主語時沒有具體意義，只是把真正的主語移至句子后面，以避免頭重腳輕。移至句子后面的主語可以是不定式、動名詞或從句。

1. 代替動詞不定式作句子的形式主語。

結構：It +be+形容詞+for/of sb. +to do sth

例如：It is important to keep fit. 保持健康很重要。

【真題回放】

(2009年廣東卷)Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

答案：it

解析：在賓語從句中用作形式主語，代替不定式“to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father”。

2. 代替動名詞做形式主語。

結構：It +be +no +名詞+v-ing sth.能用于這個句型的名詞主要有use（效用），good（好處），worth（價值）等。

例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。

【真題回放】

(2007全國7)____________felt funny watching myself on TV.

A. One B. This C. It D. That

答案: C

解析: it為形式主語，真正的主語為動名詞短語watching myself on TV。

3. 代替從句作形式主語。

結構:It’s a pity (a shame， a fact， an honor， a wonder， one’s duty， etc.)that...

It is important (necessary， right， strange， natural， clear， possible， etc.)that...

It is said (decided， expected， reported， believed， hoped， announced， known， suggested， etc.) that...

例如：It’s a pity that you didn’t pass the exam.你考試不及格真是遺憾。

【真題回放】

(2006浙江)____________is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.

A. As B. That C. This D. It

答案: D

解析: 本句考查從句的用法。根據句子結構，that引導的從句為主語從句，作真正主語，因此前邊應有形式主語，而形式主語只能用it，不能用this或that。

熱門考點三：it做形式賓語，當不定式、動名詞或從句在句中作賓語時，為保持句子結構平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。it做形式賓語有以下幾種情況：

1. 作某些動詞（如make， think， find， consider， feel， suppose等）的形式賓語，其后通常有形容詞或名詞作賓補。例如：

He found it pleasant that he worked with us Chinese. 他發現與中國人一起工作很愉快。

【真題回放】

(2011年天津卷）We feel ____________our duty to make our country a better place.

A. it B. this C. that D. one

答案：A

解析：it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是“to make our country a better place”。

(2011年山東卷) The two girls are so alike that strangers find ____________difficult to tell one from the other.

A. it B. them C. her D. that

答案：A

解析：it是形式賓語，代指真正的賓語“to tell one from the other”。

(2005全國Ⅰ卷)The chairman thought ____________necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A. that B. it C. this D. him

答案：B

解析：it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是“to invite...meeting”。

(2006湖南卷)As the busiest woman in Norton，she made ____________her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.

A. this B. that C. one D. it

答案：D

解析：it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是 “to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town”。

(2011年江西卷）Why don’t you bring ____________to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?

A. that B. it C. his D. him

答案：B

解析：it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是that引導的賓語從句。

(2007年天津卷)He didn’t make ____________clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A. this B. that C. it D. these

答案：C

解析：it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是 “when and where the meeting would be held”。

2. 某些表示“喜怒哀樂”的動詞（如 like， enjoy， love， prefer， hate， appreciate等）往往用it做形式賓語，再跟上if /when等引導的賓語從句。

例如：I don’t like it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.我不喜歡媽媽要我吃雞蛋。

【真題回放】

1. (2006山東卷) I’d appreciate ____________if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

A. that B. it C. this D. you

答案：B

解析：it作appreciate的形式賓語，真正的賓語是 “if you would like to teach me how to use the computer”。

熱門考點四：it用于強調結構中。

結構：it is （was）+被強調部分+that（who）+其他部分

此結構強調的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等，不能是定語或謂語，強調人時可用who或that，強調其他成分一律用that。如：

It was three years ago that I joined the army.我是三年前參軍的。

【真題回放】

(2007江西卷)I don’t mind her criticizing me，but ____________is how she does it that I object to.

A. it B. that C. this D. which

答案：A

解析：構成強調句型，被強調部分是賓語從句。

(2011年陜西卷)It is not how much we do but how much we put into what we do ____________benefits our work most.

A. who B. which C. that D. what

答案：C

解析：構成強調句型，強調 “not how much we do but how much we put into what we do”。

(2011年四川卷)Was it on a lonely island ____________he was saved one month after the boat went down?

A. where B. that C. which D. what

答案：B

解析：此句是強調句的疑問句式，強調的成分是狀語 “on a lonely island”。

(作者單位：惠州市博羅楊僑中學)

責任編校 蔣小青