詞匯題解題策略及應(yīng)試技巧

中考對詞匯的考查可謂形式多樣、不拘一格。那么詞匯題都有哪些常見題型？需要掌握哪些解題方法與技巧呢？

常見題型展示

A. 根據(jù)句意填寫單詞。

1. (2011南通卷) The bottle was full yesterday but now its . Perhaps Tom has drunk all the juice in it.

2. (2011長春卷) Kate wants to have long curly like her mothers.

3. (2011長春卷) People usually wear clothes on cold days.

4. (2011長春卷) Everyone may make a mistake. Dont laugh others.

B. 根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填寫單詞。

5. (2011鹽城卷) We are good friends and seldom speak or act a each other.

6. (2011鹽城卷) My mother was so tired that she fell a when watching TV.

7. (2011廣州卷) What a p ! I failed the chemistry exam again.

8. (2011杭州卷) Jack is the tallest a the three students.

C. 根據(jù)句意及漢語提示填寫單詞。

9. (2011南京卷) Its the (第一) time for Nanjing to hold the Asia Bike Show. It is sure to be a great success.

10. (2011常州卷) — Which of these shirts do you like best?

— Ill take (沒有). They are both expensive and out of fashion.

11. (2011徐州卷) My brother sleeps with the window open (除非) its really cold.

D. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

12. (2011鹽城卷) Ricky had a (please) trip to Lushan Mountain last spring.

13. (2011淮安卷) Sally prefers staying at home to (go) out on Sundays.

14. (2011無錫卷) You can make a (choose) among those programmes.

15. (2011泰州卷) In the modern world， people often contact each other by (send) emails.

E. 根據(jù)句意及所給英文提示填寫單詞。

16. (2011宿遷卷) Peters father is very (not free)， so he does not have much time for his family.

17. (2011南通卷) If you live in a new city without friends， you can be very (unhappy because of being alone).

Keys:

1. empty 2. hair 3. warm 4. at 5. against 6. asleep 7. pity 8. among 9. first 10. neither 11. unless 12. pleasant 13. going 14. choice 15. sending 16. busy 17. lonely

解題方法與技巧

1. 通覽全句，仔細(xì)審題

考查詞匯的各種題目一般都精心設(shè)置了語境，或者說有的就是“陷阱”，要真正答好題，必須做到認(rèn)真審題，看清題目要求、具體內(nèi)容和所給提示。

例1 (2011南京卷) Look! The teenagers are making cards (show) love for their mothers.

簡析：在主動句中，使役動詞make， let和have后面必須跟省略to的動詞不定式，不少同學(xué)受這一語法知識的影響，此題就會誤填show。其實，這里考查的是動詞不定式短語在句中作目的狀語，故應(yīng)填to show。

例2 (2011黃岡卷) If you want to improve your English， you should try to practise (說) English as much as possible in and out of class.

簡析：speak， say， tell及talk均可表示“說”，此題由關(guān)鍵詞English可知應(yīng)選speak。粗心的同學(xué)以為填入speak就正確無誤，其實不然，因為speak跟在practise之后，而practise后面需跟動詞ing形式作賓語，所以答案是speaking。

2. 分析句意，巧解疑難

由于詞匯題設(shè)置了語境，這就要求考生必須在充分理解句子意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對不同的題目進(jìn)行合理的判斷。

例3 (2011常州卷) You neednt be frightened because these insects are completely (harm).

簡析：根據(jù)語境可知：你不必害怕，因為這些昆蟲是完全沒有害處的。harm作名詞時，意為“傷害”，其形容詞形式為harmful(有害的)，此處應(yīng)填反義形容詞unharmful或harmless。

例4 (2012模擬題)— Im too tired.

— So am I. Wed better stop (walk) and have a rest.

簡析：根據(jù)語境可知：談話的雙方感到很累，故建議停止行走并休息一會兒。英語中表示停止做某事，用“stop doing sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)，因此，空白處應(yīng)填walking。

3. 抓住關(guān)鍵，看好橫線

很多詞匯題中，都不同程度地設(shè)置了關(guān)鍵性的詞、詞組、短語或句子，只要找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞，并按照一定的規(guī)則進(jìn)行分析、填寫即可。

例5 (2011泰州卷)He is a (honest) boy so we seldom believe what he says.

簡析：本題的關(guān)鍵詞是seldom，其意為“很少，不常”，這就不難推斷出“他是一個不誠實的男孩”。honest是形容詞，意為“誠實的”，其否定詞是在前面加否定前綴dis，故空白處應(yīng)填dishonest。

例6 (2011南京卷)In order to provide better services for foreigners during the 2nd Youth Olympic Games， lots of bus and taxi drivers are busy (learn) English.

簡析：本題的關(guān)鍵是“be busy doing sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“忙于做某事”，busy后須跟動詞ing形式，故空白處應(yīng)填learning。

4. 仔細(xì)比對，注意聯(lián)想

由于詞匯題的考查范圍可以涉及到英語知識的方方面面，這就要求考生平時要打好詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)；同時在答題時要通讀全句，進(jìn)行信息的比較、篩選甚至聯(lián)想后，再選出符合題意的詞語并填寫其適當(dāng)形式，以避免答非所問或張冠李戴。

例7 (2011揚州卷)Kathy always makes (少) mistakes than the other students in her class.

簡析：通過分析，這里須填形容詞“少”的比較級形式——fewer或less。但是，fewer修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，故空白處只能填fewer。

例8 (2011淮安卷)How is your uncle? Please say hello to (he) for me.

簡析：依據(jù)he(主格)，我們可以聯(lián)想到him(賓格)、his(形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞)、himself(反身代詞)。say hello to是個及物短語，其后須跟名詞或代詞作賓語，故空白處應(yīng)填him。

5. 仔細(xì)復(fù)查，驗證答案

答完詞匯題后，要進(jìn)行檢查，不該丟的分，就一定不要丟。在檢查過程中，要注意句子的意思是否完整、是否符合題目要求，單詞的拼寫及形式(包括字母大、小寫)是否正確。

總之，要答好每一種詞匯題，都必須認(rèn)真研究題干和選項，做到意義明確、思路清晰，這樣才能在考試中立于不敗之地。