定語從句中的常見錯誤分析

定語從句也可稱為形容詞性從句，通常緊跟所修飾的名詞和代詞。定語從句是高中英語學習的重點和難點之一，也是高考必考點之一。下面就定語從句學習中的常見錯誤作簡單分析。

一、先行詞的重復

如：1. This is the house which my father built it five years ago.

析：which 在從句中代替 the house， 所以應去掉 it。

2. That is the factory where my father worked there.

析：關系副詞where 已在從句中代替factory，所以應刪除there。

二、從句中的主謂不一致

如：1. Those who breaks rules should be punished.

析：在定語從句中，如果關系代詞在從句中作主語，從句中謂語動詞的單復數取決于先行詞的單復數形式。所以上句中的breaks 應為 break。

2. He was the only one of the students who were late this morning.

析：在定語從句中，如先行詞為結構 one of + n （復數），且關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞由該復數名詞決定，即謂語動詞用復數。但當該結構被 the only/very 修飾關系代詞作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞永遠用單數形式。所以該句中的were 應為 was。

三、關系代詞混用

如：1. All which you have done is not necessary.

析：在定語從句中當先行詞是all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， much， none， few等時，定語從句只用 that引導。所以該句中的 which 應為 that。

2. My sister is a lawyer， who she wanted to be.

析：當關系代詞在從句中作表語，表示身份或職業時用 which。因此此句中的 who 應為which。

3. This is the house， whose the roof is under repair.

析：注意不要一看到后面是名詞就用 whose，一定要弄清句意和句子結構。此句中whose 和 the 都是限定詞，所以該句中的whose 應為 of which 或去掉 the。

四、從句引導詞的選擇不當

如：1. He is not the man who he used to be.

2. That was the reason why he told me.

3. I’ ll never forget the day when we spent together.

4. We are living in the house which my father lived ten years ago.

析：定語從句引導詞的選擇主要取決于先行詞和引導詞在從句中所作的成分。句1引導詞在從句中作表語，而關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時，定語從句只能用that 引導，所以 who 應為 that。 句2引導詞在從句中充當賓語而 why 只能作狀語，因而why 應為which 或 that，或者去掉why。同理，句3中when 應該為which 或that，或去掉 when。但句 4中從句缺地點狀語，因此，可在which前加in 或把 which改為where。

五、忽略標點符號

如：1. He has three books; none of is very useful.

A. which B. whom C. that D. them

2. He has three books， none of is very useful.

A. which B. whom C. that D. them

析：句1中用的符號是分號，應用普通代詞而不是關系代詞，所以應選D。句2中用的逗號，只能用關系代詞而且先行詞是物，所以應選A。

六、分不清定語從句和狀語從句

如：1. —Mom， what did your doctor say?

—He advised me to live the air is fresher.

A. in where B. in which

C. the place where D. where

2. — Is this the town you always refer to?

—Yes， the one I visited two years ago.

A. which B. where C. in which D. in that

析：題1考查的是地點狀語從句，所以應選 D。題2考查的是定語從句而且引導詞在從句中作賓語，因而答案是A。

七、分不清定語從句與強調句

如：1. It was in Oct 1st，1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. when B. that C. in which D. x

2. It was Oct 1st，1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. when B. that C. in which D. x

析：強調句中去掉強調結構 It is/was... that/who...，通過語序調整仍然是一個完整的句子。所以題1應是強調句，選B，而題2應是定語從句，而且從句中缺狀語，應選A。

（責任編輯 黃 曉）