蘇慶紅 王嵐 葛莉賓
術前、術中病理預測早期子宮內膜樣腺癌高危因素的效果評價
蘇慶紅 王嵐 葛莉賓
目的 評價術前病理、術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度及冰凍切片病理預測臨床Ⅰ期子宮內膜腺癌高危因素[子宮內膜樣腺癌病理分級為G3和(或)肌層浸潤深度≥1/2者]的準確性和一致性。方法 回顧性分析2000年1月~2010年6月在筆者所在醫院婦科接受手術治療的臨床Ⅰ期子宮內膜腺癌102例患者的病理資料,以術后切除子宮病理診斷為“金標準”,評價預測高危因素的準確性和一致性。結果 術前病理分級預測高危因素的敏感度為66.7%,特異度為93.8%,陽性預測值為73.7%,陰性預測值為91.6%,Kappa值為0.63。術中冷凍切片病理分級預測高危因素的敏感度為44.4%,特異度為91.4%,陽性預測值為61.5%,陰性預測值為84.1%,Kappa值為0.08。術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度評價的敏感度為66.7%,特異度為86.4%,陽性預測值為56.0%,陰性預測值為90.9%,Kappa值為0.50。術中冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度的敏感度為76.5%,特異度為89.8%,陽性預測值為68.4%,陰性預測值為93.0%,Kappa值為0.63。綜合術前、術中病理預測高危因素的敏感度為79.4%,特異度為85.3%,陽性預測值為72.9%,陰性預測值為89.2%,Kappa值為0.63。結論 術前病理分級與冷凍切片相比有較高準確性,與術后病理有較高的一致性。術中冷凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度與術后病理有較高的一致性。綜合術前、術中病理預測與術后病理有較高的一致性,判斷不需行腹膜后淋巴結切除的可靠性較高,但對需行腹膜后淋巴結切除的可靠性稍低,術前分級和冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度結合可能提高預測的準確性。
子宮內膜癌; 診斷; 腫瘤分期; 腫瘤浸潤
子宮內膜癌是女性常見的惡性腫瘤,隨著人類壽命的延長和肥胖人群的增多,其發病率有持續上升的趨勢。子宮內膜癌的治療趨于手術治療為主的綜合治療。本研究收集臨床Ⅰ期子宮內膜癌的臨床病理資料,評價術前分段診刮或宮腔鏡活檢病理分級(術前分級),術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度及冰凍切片預測是否存在高危因素的準確性和與術后病理的一致性,為決定手術范圍提供依據。
1.1 一般資料 回顧性分析2000年1月~2010年6月在筆者所在醫院婦科手術治療有完整臨床病理資料的臨床Ⅰ期子宮內膜腺癌患者108例,年齡36~72歲,所有的患者均行筋膜外全子宮切除術+雙附件切除術,術前、術中預測有高危因素者行腹膜后淋巴切除。所有患者術前均未接受放療、化療或其他的抗腫瘤治療,術后切除標本均送病理檢查。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 組織病理分級:術前分段診刮或宮腔鏡活檢的子宮內膜組織和術中切除子宮標本均送病理檢查。依據FIGO推薦的組織學病理腺癌分級為:G1、G2、G3。
1.2.2 診療過程:患者術前行分段診刮或宮腔鏡活檢取得子宮內膜病理分級(術前病理分級)。基本手術方式是筋膜外全子宮切除術+雙附件切除術,術中剖視子宮根據組織顏色和質地判斷肌層浸潤深度,部分切除子宮送冰凍切片獲得病理分級及肌層浸潤深度。根據術前病理分級、術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度和冰凍切片病理判斷有無高危因素而決定是否行腹膜后淋巴結切除。術后切除子宮標本均送病理檢查,以術后病理為確診標準。
1.2.3 高危因素判定標準:子宮內膜樣腺癌病理分級G1~G2和肌層浸潤深度<1/2者為低危;子宮內膜樣腺癌病理分級為G3和(或)肌層浸潤深度≥1/2者為高危。
1.3 術前、術中預測子宮內膜樣腺癌高危因素的準確性評價指標 以術后切除子宮病理分級G3和(或)肌層浸潤深度≥1/2者為“金標準”,術前、術中病理判斷為高危,術后病理與以上兩項中的一項相符為陽性,一項都不相符為假陽性;以術后切除子宮病理分級是G1~G2、肌層浸潤深度<1/2者為“金標準”,術前、術中判斷為低危,術后病理與以上兩項相符為陰性,術后病理與以上兩項之一不相符者為假陰性。
1.4 統計學方法 使用SPSS 13.0軟件進行統計分析,一致性評價采用Kappa檢驗。
108例子宮內膜腺癌患者均行筋膜外全子宮切除術+雙附件切除術,術中剖視子宮判斷肌層浸潤深度,76例切除子宮術中送冰凍切片,37例行腹膜后淋巴結切除。其中有3例術后病理沒有發現腫瘤,而術前病理分級為G1,可能是子宮內膜微小癌灶經診刮清除;3例術前病理為不典型增生、子宮內膜息肉,術后病理診斷為子宮內膜癌,這兩種患者在計算時被剔除。
2.1 術前病理分級、術中冰凍切片病理分級預測高危因素的準確性及一致性 102例患者中,術前病理分級為G1~G2者83例,G3者19例,術后病理分級為G1~G2者81例,G3者21例(見表1),術前病理分級預測高危因素的敏感度為66.7%(14/21),特異度為93.8%(76/81),陽性預測值為73.7%,陰性預測值為91.6%,Kappa值為0.63。診斷符合率為88.24%(90/102)。
術中冷凍切片病理分級為G1~G2者63例,G3者13例,術后病理分級為G1~G2者58例,G3者18例(見表2)。術中冷凍切片病理分級預測高危因素的敏感度為44.4%(8/18),特異度為91.4%(53/58),陽性預測值為61.5%,陰性預測值為84.1%,Kappa值為0.08。診斷符合率為80.3%(61/76)。

表1 術前病理與術后病理分級比較(n)

表2 術中冰凍切片與術后病理分級比較(n)
2.2 術中肉眼判斷、術中冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度預測高危因素的準確性和一致性 術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度<1/2者77例,≥1/2者25例,術后病理診斷肌層浸潤深度<1/2者81例,≥1/2者21例,術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度評價的敏感度為66.7%(14/21),特異度為86.4%(70/81),陽性預測值為56.0%,陰性預測值為90.9%,Kappa值為0.50。診斷符合率為82.4%(84/102)。見表3。

表3 術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度與術后病理的比較(n)
術中冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度<1/2者57例,≥1/2者19例,術后病理診斷肌層浸潤深度<1/2者59例,≥1/2者17例,術中冷凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度的敏感度為76.5%(13/17),特異度為89.8%(53/59),陽性預測值為68.4%,陰性預測值為93.0%,Kappa值為0.64。診斷符合率為86.8%(66/76)。見表4。
2.3 術前、術中病理預測子宮內膜樣腺癌高危因素評價的準確性 根據術前病理分級和術中冰凍切片預測為低危者65例,高危者37例,術后切除子宮病理診斷為低危者68例,高危者34例,術前、術中病理預測高危因素的敏感度為79.4%(27/34),特異度為85.3%(58/68),陽性預測值為72.9%,陰性預測值為89.2%,Kappa值為0.63。診斷符合率為83.3%(85/102)。見表5。

表4 術中冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度與術后病理診斷的比較(n)

表5 術前、術中病理預測子宮內膜樣腺癌高危因素與術后病理的比較(n)
子宮內膜癌是女性常見的惡性腫瘤,子宮內膜癌的治療趨于手術治療為主的綜合治療模式,對于臨床Ⅰ期子宮內膜樣腺癌是否要切除腹膜后淋巴結尚存在爭議。Boronow等[1]報道低危者即Ⅰa~Ⅰb和G1、G2,淋巴結轉移的風險可以忽略。臨床隨機研究顯示,腹膜后淋巴結清掃有助于手術分期,但并不能提高患者的5年無病生存率或整體生存率[2,3]。目前許多醫療機構對判定有高危因素者行腹膜后淋巴結切除,而判定為低危因素者,如無肉眼可見的子宮外擴散病灶則不行腹膜后淋巴結切除。因此,術前、術中的病理分級和肌層浸潤深度的準確判斷成為準確選擇手術范圍的決定因素。
通過分段診刮、宮腔鏡活檢等方法取得術前病理分級。分段診刮病理分級與術后病理分級存在不一致[4],約有18% ~25%的術后病理分級上升[5,6]。術后病理分級上升,有可能導致治療不足。冰凍切片也存在類似的情況[7]。本研究術前分級預測高危因素的敏感度為66.7%,特異度為93.8%,Kappa值為0.63。術中冰凍切片病理分級預測高危因素的敏感度為44.4%,特異度為91.4%,Kappa值為0.08,與Sanjuán等[8]報道相似。術前病理分級預測高危因素的準確性指標較高,與術后病理有較高的一致性(Kappa值為0.63)。判斷肌層浸潤深度的方法通常有CT、MRI、B超、術中肉眼判斷、冰凍切片等。本研究的術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度的敏感度為66.7%,特異度為86.4%,Kappa值為0.50,與Obrzut等[9]報道相似。術中冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度的敏感度為 76.5%,特異度為 89.8%,陽性預測值為68.4%,陰性預測值為93.0%,Kappa值為0.64。冰凍切片預測高危因素的準確性指標較高,術中冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度與術后病理有較高的一致性(Kappa值為0.64)。在臨床實踐中,手術者必須根據子宮內膜腺癌的病理分級和肌層浸潤深度判斷是否切除腹膜后淋巴結,因此需同時評價子宮內膜腺癌的病理分級和肌層浸潤深度。本研究根據術前病理分級、術中肉眼判斷肌層浸潤深度、冰凍切片綜合預測存在高危因素的敏感度為79.4%,特異度為85.3%,陽性預測值為72.9%,陰性預測值為89.2%,Kappa值為0.63,與Sanjuán等[8]報道相似。術前、術中病理結合與術后病理有較高的一致性(Kappa值為0.63)。判斷不需行腹膜后淋巴結切除的可靠性較高(陰性預測值為89.2%),發生過度治療的可能性較小;但對需行腹膜后淋巴結切除的可靠性稍低(陽性預測值為72.9%),部分病例可能發生治療不足,手術醫生應根據其他臨床指標進行考慮。術前預測高危因素的準確性較冰凍切片判斷肌層浸潤深度預測高危因素的準確性高,兩者相結合可能提高預測高危因素的準確性,從而減少治療不足。
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Accuracy of preoperative and intraoperative pathological prediction in early endometrial adenocarcinoma
SU Qing-hong,WANG Lan,GE Li-bin.The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Wuzhou543001,China
ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy and consistency of preoperative pathological mechanism,intraoperative assessment of myometrial invasion depth through naked eyes,and prediction of the high risk factor of endometrioid adenocarcinoma clinical stage I through frozen section pathological mechanism(the grade of pathological mechanism of endomatrioid adenocarcinoma is G3 and myometrial invasion depth≥1/2).MethodsTo analyze the pathological mechanism materials of those 102 endometrioid adenocarcinoma stage I patients who
operation in our hospital retrospectively,evaluate the accuracy and consistency of the prediction of the high risk factor during 2000,1 to 2010,6,taken the pathologic diagnosis of hysterectomization after operation as“golden standard”.ResultsThe sensitivity of prediction of high risk factor of the grade of preoperative pathological mechanism was 66.7% ,the specificity was 93.8% ,the positive predictive value was 73.7% ,the negative predictive value was 91.6% ,and Kappa value was 0.63.The sensitivity of prediction of high risk factor of the grade of intraoperative frozen section pathological mechanism was 44.4% ,the specificity was 91.4% ,the positive predictive value was 61.5% ,the negative predictive value was 84.1% ,and Kappa value was 0.08.The sensitivity of intraoperative assessment of myometrial invasion depth through naked eyes was 66.7% ,the specificity was 86.4% ,the positive predictive value was 56.0% ,the negative predictive value was 90.9% ,and Kappa value was 0.50.The sensitivity of intraoperative assessment of myometrial invasion depth of frozen section was 76.5% ,the specificity was 89.8% ,the positive predictive value was 68.4% ,the negative predictive value was 93.0% ,and Kappa value was 0.63.The sensitivity of prediction of high risk factor of preoperative,intraoperative pathological mechanism was 79.4% ,the specificity was 85.3% ,the positive predictive value was 72.9%,the negative predictive value was 89.2%,and Kappa value was 0.63.ConclusionThe grade of preoperative pathological mechanism was more accurate than frozen section,and more consistency than pathological mechanism after operation,and intraoperative assessment of myometrial invasion depth of frozen section,prediction of high risk factor of preoperative,intraoperative pathological mechanism were more consistency.There was more reliability of assessment of unnecessary RPLND,but for the necessary RPLND the reliability is lower.The combination of the preoperation grade with the assessment of myometrial invasion depth of frozen section might promote the accuracy of prediction.
Endometrial neoplasms;Diagnosis;Neoplasms taging;Neoplasms invasiveness
10.3969/j.issn.1674 -4985.2012.05.001
543001廣西醫科大學第七附屬醫院
蘇慶紅
2011-11-30)
(本文編輯:王宇)