情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall

2010年江蘇省高考卷第25題是：

—I haven’t got the reference book yet， but I’ll have a test on the subject next week.

—Don’t worry. You___________have it by Friday.

A. could B. shall C. must D. may

對(duì)此許多學(xué)生感到疑惑不解：不是說(shuō)shall只用于第一人稱嗎？現(xiàn)在怎么用于第二人稱之后呢？原來(lái)這些學(xué)生對(duì)shall的認(rèn)識(shí)還停留在“在一般將來(lái)時(shí)中作助動(dòng)詞”的用法上。在本題中shall是以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的形式出現(xiàn)，而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是歷年高考中的常考內(nèi)容，所以，本文對(duì)shall的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法加以小結(jié)，供大家參考。

一、表示意圖，提出或征求意見，多用于疑問(wèn)句中

Shall we have dinner? 我們吃飯好嗎？

Shall I send you the book? 我把書給你寄去，好不好？

Shall he come tomorrow? 他明天會(huì)來(lái)嗎？

Let’s go to play football， shall we? 我們?nèi)ヌ咦闱颍幔开?/p>

We shall celebrate his birthday every year. 我們會(huì)每年慶祝他的生日。

—What’s the name?

—Khulaifi.___________I spell that for you? (2006北京卷)

A. Shall B. Would C.Can D. Might

二、表示許諾

“Whatever you want you shall have，” said the king. “你想要什么就會(huì)得到什么。”國(guó)王說(shuō)。

My dear， you shall have all the ships. 親愛(ài)的，你會(huì)得到所有的船只。

You shall have the book the moment I finish it. 我一完成這書你就可得到它。

三、表示說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)烈的決心和意志

—You’ll succeed. 你會(huì)成功的。

—I shall one day. 有一天會(huì)的。

“I shan’t go back to school， Daddy!” said the naughty boy. “我決不回學(xué)校，爸爸！”淘氣的男孩子說(shuō)。

The prisoners shall do what the police tell them to do. 犯人得做警察告訴他們要做之事。

四、表示威脅、命令、警告

He shall be punished. 他將受到懲罰。

You shall marry him. 你得嫁給他。

My wife always says “You shall ...” and I always say “I will ...” 我妻子常常說(shuō)“你得……”而我常說(shuō)“我愿意……”

You shall hand in your composition today， whether you want to or not. 不管你想不想，你得今天交上作文。

He shall be sorry for what he has done one day. 有一天他會(huì)為他的所作所為感到后悔。

—Excuse me， but I want to use your computer to type a report.

—You___________have my computer if you don’t take care of it (2004湖南卷）

A. shan’t B. might not

C. needn’tD. shouldn’t

五、表示法律、規(guī)章等的規(guī)定

In China children shall not be employed in any company. 在中國(guó)任何公司不得雇傭童工。

Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個(gè)參賽者要戴一個(gè)號(hào)碼。

Each guest shall return to the hotel before midnight. 午夜前客人必須返回賓館。

—What does the sign over there read?那邊的標(biāo)語(yǔ)說(shuō)的什么？

—No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette， cigar or pipe in this area.本區(qū)域禁止任何人吸煙或攜帶點(diǎn)燃的香煙、雪茄或煙斗。

Examinees shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 所有試卷收完后考生方可離座。

It has been announced that candidates___________remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.(2002上海卷)

A. may B. should C. must D. shall

“The interest___________be divided into five parts， according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. (2004重慶卷)

A. may B. should C. must D. shall

（責(zé)任編輯 周侯辰）