中圖分類號:G632 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1002—7661(2012)20—231—01
縱觀近年來的中考英語試題,不難發現大多數省、市對不定代詞從不同角度都做了考查。本人從教數年, 認為不定代詞是英語教學中的難點,且貫穿于教材中。很多考生對此模棱兩可,似是而非。鑒于此,筆者僅從 中考試題的考查范圍中來談一下不定代詞的運用。旨在對考生有所裨益。
[試題類型一]
1.I have three pens.One is red,____two are black.(’96河北)
A.another B.other
C.the other D.the others
2.I have two sisters.One is a farmer,____is a driver.(’96烏魯木齊)
A.other B.others
C.the other D.another
解題指導:other與another的用法
一、共同點
它們都有名詞和形容詞的作用,在句中都可作主語、賓語和定語。例如:
①I have two pens.One is new,the other is old.(主)
②I have two photos here.You have seen one.Now I'll show you the other.(賓)
③Would you like to have another cup of tea?(定)
二、不同點
1、other的復數是others,所有格是other's或others',它可以與定冠詞the連用,即the other,指兩個 中的“另一個”。還可接復數名詞,表示“其余的……”;the others是指一定范圍內的“其余的”;others 是泛指“其他的(人或物)”,并沒有一定的范圍限制。
2、other既可以修飾單數名詞,也可以修飾復數名詞:another指至少有三個以上的“另一個”,它是由 an和other合并而成,可代替或修飾單數可數名詞,也可修飾復數可數名詞,且不與冠詞連用。
注意
A、有時在比較結構中,要用other限定比較對象,使意義更為明顯。例如:
The room is bigger than any other room in the house.這個房間比房子里的其它任何房間都大。
B、某人或某物在與同類幾人或幾事物進行比較時,應用“比較級+than+any+other+單數名詞/any of the other+復數名詞”形式。例如:
湯姆比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。
【誤】Tom is taller than any boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class.
(試題類型一答案:1.C2.C)
[試題類型二]
1.There is ____water left in the thermos.
Would you go and get some?(’96河北)
A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
2.Jack has a few friends in China.(’96廣東)
A.some B.any C.many D.much
3.There are several bottles on the desk.(’96天津)
A.a lot of B.many C.a few D.few
4.We had____people this year than we had last year.(’94陜西)
A.little B.less C.few D.fewer
解題指導:little與a little,few與a few的用法
它們在句中都可作主語、賓語或定語。作主語時,謂語動詞大多用復數形式。例如:
①Few of them speak English.(主)
②I met few (or a few) of my friends in the park.(賓)
③I have a few friends besides you.(定)
2.little與a little用于代替或修飾不可數名詞;few與a few用于代替或修飾可數名詞。little和few表示 “不多,幾乎沒有”,在意義上是否定的,a little和a few表示“雖少但還有一些”,在意義上是肯定的。
注意:
A.a little 可用來修飾形容詞、動詞或形容詞(副詞)的比較級。例如:
It's a little cold today.
This is a little better than that.
Will you please speak up a little so that everybody will hear you?(a little 修飾動詞speak)
B.在句中出現few或little時,變反意疑問句時應注意,后面的附加問句應用肯定形式。例如:
There is little water in the bottle,is there?
C.Not a few=quite a few(或many)
not a little=much 例如:
There are not a few people in the room.房間里有很多人。
There is not a little time left.還剩下挺多時間。
not a little 用作狀語是“很”的意思
He is not a little tired.他很累。
4.few和little都可用作形容詞,它們的比較級和最高級分別是fewer,fewest;less,least。
(試題類型二答案:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D)