原因與結果的表達法在基礎寫作中的運用

基礎寫作主要是考查考生整合信息和信息表達的能力，以及篇章組織能力。原因與結果的表達法在基礎寫作的信息表達中經常用到，因此，熟練掌握原因與結果的表達法對提高基礎寫作能力十分重要。

一、原因的表達法

1. 用介詞短語。如for， because of， due to， owing to， thanks to， for the reason that+從句等。

[高考真題1]

信息點：專家解讀：（1）（近視的）原因：很復雜（2）治療：沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視 （2009廣東）

信息表達：Due to the complication of shortsightedness，no medicine can cure it，Professor Wang told us.

[高考真題2]

信息點：第四個學位：2012年通過網絡學習獲得，善于合理安排學習時間，受到老師表揚。（2012廣東）

信息表達：In 2012， he managed to get his fourth degree by online learning and won praise from his teacher for his good time management in study.

[即時練習]

（1）由于他的研究，我國水稻產量快速增長， 為很多國家解決了糧食不足的問題。

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（2）由于家長接送小孩造成學校周邊交通阻塞的問題非常嚴重。

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2. 用with復合結構。即“with +賓語+賓補”結構。with復合結構形式多樣，用法靈活，寫作時要注意比較賓語與賓語補足語之間的邏輯關系。

[高考真題1]

信息點：由于噪音的持續，我不能繼續學習。

信息表達：With the noise going on， I couldn’t go on studying. （2004廣東）

[典型例題2]

信息點：感受及原因：

（多數人）開心：收到很多壓歲錢

（部分人）不開心：功課太多，沒時間娛樂 （2012年廣州一模）

信息表達：Most said they enjoyed it because of the holiday and lucky money they got， but with too much homework to do and no time to play， some felt unhappy.

[即時練習]

（3）由于物價上漲很快，我們買不起高檔商品。

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（4）由于越來越多的森林遭到破壞，一些動植物正面臨著滅絕的危險。

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3. 用狀語從句。表示原因的狀語從句常用because，as，since等引導。

[高考真題1]

信息點：你的偶像及理由。（2007廣東）

信息表達：As for myself，Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.

[高考真題2]

信息點：第四個學位：2012年通過網絡學習獲得，善于合理安排學習時間，受到老師表揚。（2012廣東）

信息表達：As he was so good at arranging his study time， he got praise from his teacher， and in 2012 he managed to get his fourth degree by network learning.

[即時練習]

（5） 做預算：明白花錢的事項和必要性，因為父母需要付出（2011汕頭二模）

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（6）專家看法：“民工荒”導致對勞動力的爭奪，在某種程度上是好事：

①將在一定程度上提高工資水平 ②逐步滿足農民工的社會保障需求 （2011茂名二模）

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4. 用定語從句。如用which， who， whose， why等引導的定語從句。

[高考真題1]

信息點：你的偶像及理由。（2007廣東）

信息表達：As for myself， Thomas Edison， whose inventions have greatly changed our life， is my idol.

[高考真題2]

信息點：第四個學位：2012年通過網絡學習獲得，善于合理安排學習時間，受到老師表揚。（2012廣東）

信息表達：Allan Stewart， who was so good at arranging his study time， got praise from his teacher and in 2012 he managed to get his fourth degree by network learning.

[即時練習]

（7）你的選擇：打算去打工，這就能增長見識，鍛煉意志，還能培養自己的社交能力

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（8）現狀：沿海省份出現“民工荒”，許多農民工留在家鄉 （2011茂名二模）

原因：農民工不愿離開曾經留守家鄉的孩子們。

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5. 用固定句式。如用The reason for/why...is that...（……的原因是……）等。

[典型例題1]

信息點：老師解讀： （單詞拼寫問題的） 原因： ①考試未設拼寫題型 ②平時訓練不夠 ③學生懶于記憶（2011深一模）

信息表達：He also pointed out that the reasons for spelling problems are that there are no specific word spelling checks in exams，and there are no enough training. Worse still， the students are lazy to memorize.

[即時練習]

⑼部分大學為什么吸引力下降：部分大學辦學質量差、學費高、畢業生就業難等。

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⑽人們飲食的變化原因：人們更加注意食品的質量， 好的食品對身體有益。

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此外，非謂語動詞等也可表示原因。

二、結果的表達法

1. 用非謂語動詞或定語從句。非謂語動詞和定語從句也可用來表達結果狀語的含義。

[高考真題1]

信息點：受二手煙影響人數：約5.4億；因二手煙死亡人數：超過10萬/年（2010廣東）

信息表達：①Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke，causing 100，000 deaths per year.

②Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke， which causes 100，000 deaths per year.

[即時練習]

⑾ 交通：改善公共交通，讓出行更舒適便捷 （2012廣州二模）

①___________________________________________________________________________

②___________________________________________________________________________

⑿ 反方理由：①（學科競賽）會打亂正常的學習規律 ②會影響學生的均衡發展

① ___________________________________________________________________________

② ___________________________________________________________________________

2. 用結果狀語從句。如用so/such...that...， so that句型等表示結果。

[高考真題1]

信息點：專家解讀：（1）原因：很復雜 （2）治療：沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視 （2009廣東）

信息表達：Professor Wang also pointed out that the causes for shortsightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure it.

[即時練習]

⒀ 環境惡化：空氣、水污染等；自然災害頻繁。

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⒁ 她寫的第一部書《哈利波特》十分有趣，深受世界兒童歡迎。

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參考答案

⑴Because of his research， China’s rice production is increasing rapidly， solving the problem of the lack of food for many countries.

⑵It is a common phenomenon that the problem of traffic jam around our school is more and more serious due to parents’ driving kids to and from school.

⑶With prices going up so fast， we can’t afford luxuries.

⑷With more and more forests damaged， some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.

⑸ Then， budget for things to buy as well as their necessity because it is our parents who will pay for what we buy.

⑹ According to experts， in a way migrant worker shortage is a good phenomenon， because the battle for labor will raise the low salary level to some degree and migrant workers’ social security needs will be gradually met.

⑺ As for me， I will find a part-time job， which can help gain valuable experience， strengthen my will power and improve my social skills.

⑻ Many migrant workers， who don’t want to leave their children left behind in their hometowns， decide not to go back to the south

⑼The reason why some colleges have become less attractive is that their educational quality is poor， the tuition fee is high and it’s hard for college graduates to get jobs.

⑽The reason for some changes in people’s diet is that people pay more attention to the quality of food， because they know good food is of great benefit to their health.

⑾①I will expand the city’s public transportation system， making getting around more convenient and comfortable.

②I will expand the city’s public transportation system， which will make getting around more convenient and comfortable.

⑿①However， those who are against it argued that academic competitions are disturbing their normal studies， leading to unbalanced learning and frustration.

②However， those who are against it argued that academic competitions are disturbing their normal studies， which will lead to unbalanced learning and frustration.

⒀ With our industry developments， our air and water pollution can be found everywhere so often that natural disasters happen in the world.

⒁Her first book Harry Potter was so interesting that it became very popular with the children in the world.

（作者單位：中山市第一中學）

責任編校 蔣小青