在英語(yǔ)寫作中如能靈活使用分詞來(lái)整合信息,可以使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更簡(jiǎn)練。本文將結(jié)合高考真題,分析分詞在基礎(chǔ)寫作中的運(yùn)用。
一、分詞作定語(yǔ)
分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),通常放在所修飾名詞的后面,即作后置定語(yǔ)。分詞和被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系,是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞,是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用過去分詞。作定語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由who, whom, that, which等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
[例1] However, the percentage of the boys choosing “grate figures” is the same as that of the girls. 然而,選擇“偉人”(作偶像)的男生的比例與女生的比例相同。(2007年廣東高考)
解析:被修飾的名詞the boys與現(xiàn)在分詞choosing在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,即boys是動(dòng)作choosing的執(zhí)行者。分詞短語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句: However, the percentage of the boys who choose“grate figures” is the same as that of the girls.
[例2]A book entitled Battle Hymn of The Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010. 由Amy Chua著的《虎媽戰(zhàn)歌》一書于2010年出版。 (2011年廣東高考)
解析:過去分詞entitled(加標(biāo)題于)與它所修飾的名詞the book在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即the book與titled有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句:A book which was entitled Battle Hymn of The Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010.
二、分詞作狀語(yǔ)
分詞作狀語(yǔ),可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等,常放于句首,可轉(zhuǎn)化為由when, because, if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;表示方式、讓步時(shí)可以前置也可后置,轉(zhuǎn)化為由as if, though等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;表示伴隨、結(jié)果時(shí)通常放在句末,可轉(zhuǎn)化為由and連接的并列句。
[例3] According to Professor Wang,slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted,ranking the first in the world. 據(jù)王教授說(shuō),我國(guó)中小學(xué)近視率略高于百分之五十,(此數(shù)字)在世界排名第一。 (2009年廣東高考)
解析:根據(jù)分詞出現(xiàn)在句末,且有逗號(hào)隔開,可知句中的分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。分詞ranking 與句子的主語(yǔ)more than half of the school children in our country在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故可轉(zhuǎn)化為由and 連接的并列句或由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用:According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted and it ranks the first in the world /, which ranks the first in the world.
[例4]Shooting,originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. 射擊最初只是生存工具,19世紀(jì)才發(fā)展成為一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。(2008年廣東高考)
解析:主語(yǔ)shooting 與過去分詞originated (發(fā)明create or start sth) 在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故可轉(zhuǎn)化為由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用:Shooting,which was originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.
即時(shí)練習(xí)
請(qǐng)運(yùn)用分詞翻譯下列句子。
1. 在地球村開設(shè)了二十多個(gè)展館,代表美國(guó)、英國(guó)等不同國(guó)家。(2012年深圳一模)
2. 我們已決定這個(gè)周末去一個(gè)名叫鳳凰山的地方外出郊游。(2012年汕頭二模)
3. 我們呼吁少一點(diǎn)家庭作業(yè),使學(xué)生有更多睡眠和鍛煉的時(shí)間。(2011年六校聯(lián)考)
4. 茂名數(shù)字科技館(MMDSTM)坐落于茂名市圖書館一樓,總占地1000平方米。(2012年茂名二模)
5. 1911年12月11日出生于浙江杭州一個(gè)富裕之家,錢學(xué)森少時(shí)天資聰明,被稱為“神童”。 (2011年肇慶二模)
參考譯文
1. In the Village were built over 20 exhibition halls representing different countries such as US and UK.
2. We have decided to go for an outing to a place called Fenghuang Mountain this weekend.
3. We call for less homework,thus leaving students more time to sleep and take exercise.
4. Located on the 1st floor of Maoming Library, MMDSTM occupies a total area of 1,000 square meters.
5. Born into a wealthy family on December 11, 1911, Zhejiang Province,Qian Xueshen was so clever that he was regarded as a “super talented” boy in his childhood.
(作者單位:陽(yáng)春市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青