閱讀理解解題三招

雖然近年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的短文材料的難度并不很大，但是不少考生在高考中卻拿不到高分。普遍反映的情況是：文章能讀懂，但感覺(jué)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)模棱兩可，不知道該選哪個(gè)才是正確答案。

那么，考生應(yīng)該如何做閱讀理解題或如何選擇答案才能獲得較好的成績(jī)呢？下面我們以2013年廣州市的高三調(diào)研題的閱讀理解B篇為例，談?wù)勯喿x理解的解題技巧，提高閱讀成績(jī)。

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Imagine putting a seed in a freezer， waiting 30，000 years， and then taking the seed out and planting it. Do you think a flower would grow？

Amazingly， scientists have just managed to do something very similar. They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in Siberia — a region covering central and eastern Russia — for about 31，800 years. Using pieces of the fruit， the scientists grew plants in a lab. The new blooms have delicate white petals. They are also the oldest flowering plants that researchers have ever revived from a deep freeze.

“This is like regenerating （再生） a dinosaur from tissues of an ancient egg，” said University of California， Los Angeles biologist Jane Shen-Miller.

The plant has a long history. Back when mammoths （長(zhǎng)毛象） and woolly rhinoceroses （犀牛） walked the land， an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground hole near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia. The ground became permafrost， a layer of soil that stays frozen for a long time.

Recently， Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab， the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil. The plants produced seeds that could be used to grow even more of them.

It’s important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time. That’s because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. One such endeavor， an underground facility in Norway， is called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. It stores hundreds of thousands of frozen seeds. If a plant ever goes extinct， scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.

“No one knows how long they are able to live for， but freezing is basically the format for many plant conservation attempts nowadays.” Shen-Miller said. It’s a good thing that at least some plants are tough enough to survive the experience.

31. How did the fruit originally get underground？

A. It was placed there by an animal.

B. It was trapped there during the ice-age.

C. It was planted there by ancient farmers.

D. It was buried there after the earthquake.

32. Which of the following was NOT used to recreate the ancient plant？

A. Modern nutrients. B. Parts of its fruit.

C. Its frozen seeds. D. Plant pots with soil.

33. Why are scientists interested in this discovery？

A. It helps them learn how plant life has changed in the past 30，000 years.

B. It can help guide future efforts to protect endangered plant-life.

C. It can provide directions for where to look for other ancient plants.

D. It proves that all plant life can survive for thousands of years when frozen.

34. The underlined word “they” in the final paragraph refers to _______.

A. plants B. seeds C. scientists D. storage lockers

35. The purpose of the passage is to _______.

A. discuss a plant conservation effort

B. introduce some ancient plants

C. outline some causes of global warming

D. describe a scientific research project

筆者認(rèn)為，要在閱讀中獲得高考，以下幾個(gè)技巧很重要：

一、先讀題干，預(yù)測(cè)文章內(nèi)容

解答閱讀理解的時(shí)候，從閱讀題干開(kāi)始，然后再看閱讀材料，也就是我們通常說(shuō)的“先題后文法”。通過(guò)閱讀題干，考生可以了解文章的一些內(nèi)容，并可根據(jù)這些已知內(nèi)容去預(yù)測(cè)未知的內(nèi)容，有利于理解文章內(nèi)容，節(jié)省閱讀時(shí)間。

如上述這道閱讀理解題，通過(guò)閱讀題干，我們可以了解到，文章應(yīng)該是講述科學(xué)家對(duì)一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)很感興趣（由33題的題干可知），并用這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)重新創(chuàng)造一些古時(shí)候的植物（由32題的題干中的recreate the ancient plant可知）。

在閱讀文章題目時(shí)，把題干中的關(guān)鍵詞找出來(lái)，并用橫線劃出來(lái)。如31題的題干的關(guān)鍵詞是fruit 和underground，32題可以把NOT used to recreate the ancient plant劃出來(lái)，33題劃出why，34題劃出they，35題劃出purpose。

二、細(xì)讀選項(xiàng)，劃出不同之處

仔細(xì)對(duì)比各選項(xiàng)，弄清細(xì)微區(qū)別，重點(diǎn)區(qū)分并劃出不同之處。如本題的題干和選項(xiàng)標(biāo)示如下：

31. How did the fruit originally get underground？

A. It was placed there by an animal.

B. It was trapped there during the ice-age.

C. It was planted there by ancient farmers.

D. It was buried there after the earthquake.

32. Which of the following was NOT used to recreate the ancient plant？

A. Modern nutrients. B. Parts of its fruit.

C. Its frozen seeds. D. Plant pots with soil.

33. Why are scientists interested in this discovery？

A. It helps them learn how plant life has changed in the past 30，000 years.

B. It can help guide future efforts to protect endangered plant-life.

C. It can provide directions for where to look for other ancient plants.

D. It proves that all plant life can survive for thousands of years when frozen.

34. The underlined word“they”in the final paragraph refers to _______.

A. plants B. seeds

C. scientists D. storage lockers

35. The purpose of the passage is to _______.

A. discuss a plant conservation effort

B. introduce some ancient plants

C. outline some causes of global warming

D. describe a scientific research project

三、帶著關(guān)鍵詞，尋找信息句

帶著劃出來(lái)的關(guān)鍵詞到文章中去尋找或搜索含有關(guān)鍵詞的句子，這些句子含有答題的相關(guān)信息，因此，我們要仔細(xì)閱讀找出來(lái)的句子，理解其意，對(duì)照各選項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。

第31題，在文中搜尋含fruit 和underground兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的句子。我們找到第二段第二句They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in Siberia... for about 31，800 years和第四段第二句 ... an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground ... 都含有這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。由后面一句可知本題答案為A。

第32題，由題干中的NOT可知，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有一項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，關(guān)鍵是找出到底是哪一個(gè)在文中沒(méi)有提到。用選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞nutrients， pots等在文中搜尋，可以找到描寫(xiě)科學(xué)家重造古代植物的過(guò)程是在第五段。對(duì)照各選項(xiàng)，雖然文中出現(xiàn)了seeds，但并不是frozen seeds，而是給三個(gè)水果（fruit）的組織（tissue）添加營(yíng)養(yǎng)（nutrients），使其發(fā)芽，再移到花盆里（pots），在盆里長(zhǎng)大后所產(chǎn)生的種子（seeds），故選C。

第33題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)在第六段。由其中的That’s because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe ... If a plant ever goes extinct， scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from ... lockers”，可知科學(xué)家對(duì)這一發(fā)現(xiàn)感興趣的原因是想將來(lái)“保護(hù)瀕危植物”，故選B。

第34題，考查代詞的指代內(nèi)容。找到該代詞所在句 No one knows how long they are able to live for， but freezing is ...再結(jié)合上段中的stores hundreds of thousands of frozen seeds可知，they指代seeds。

第35題，由第一段提出問(wèn)題，第二段前兩句Amazingly， scientists have just managed to do something very similar. They found ... 可知本文只是描寫(xiě)一個(gè)科研項(xiàng)目，故選D。

當(dāng)然，閱讀理解是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，只有在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，再合理運(yùn)用一些閱讀技巧，才可能在考試中獲得高分。