謝奎金
一、比較對(duì)象不對(duì)等
舉例:The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than in any other area of the city.
分析:在西安市中心租一套房子的費(fèi)用要比在該市其他地方租房的費(fèi)用高。費(fèi)用與費(fèi)用比較,故應(yīng)在than后加上替代詞that。試比較:
The cost of renting a house is higher in central Xian than in any other area of the city. (地點(diǎn)與地點(diǎn)比較。)
點(diǎn)撥:不同范疇的事物不可比較,故比較對(duì)象要對(duì)等。為避免重復(fù),常借助替代詞that / those替代前文中已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的對(duì)象。
二、比較范圍不協(xié)調(diào)
舉例:Canada is larger than any other country in Asia.
分析:加拿大比亞洲任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都要大。加拿大不隸屬于亞洲,范圍界定清楚,故無(wú)需使用代詞other。試比較:
Canada is the second largest country in the world.(比較范圍為世界范圍內(nèi)。)
點(diǎn)撥:注意范圍,排除比較對(duì)象自身與自身比較,故常借助詞匯any / other / else和否定詞或限定比較范圍將一個(gè)對(duì)象分離于其他對(duì)象。
三、比較對(duì)象與比較等級(jí)不吻合
舉例:Last year,our English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.
分析:去年,我們英語(yǔ)老師被評(píng)為學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師。比較對(duì)象為三者以上,使用最高級(jí),故將more改為most。試比較:
Till now,we have never heard a more popular song than this.(比較級(jí)用于否定句表示最高級(jí)。)
點(diǎn)撥:比較對(duì)象與比較等級(jí)的形式直接相關(guān),兩者比較使用比較級(jí),三者以上比較使用最高級(jí),和另一對(duì)象相當(dāng)則使用原級(jí)。
四、比較級(jí)前程度修飾語(yǔ)的誤用
舉例:After two yearsresearch,we now have a fairly better understanding of the disease.
分析:經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的研究,我們對(duì)這種病有更深的理解。比較級(jí)前修飾語(yǔ)不能使用fairly,故將其改為far最佳。試比較:
After two years research,we now have yet to understand the disease.(yet用在have yet to 中表示“依然”,原級(jí)比較。句意:經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的研究,我們對(duì)這種病仍然知之甚少。)
點(diǎn)撥:比較級(jí)前修飾語(yǔ)有講究,very / quite / fairly / so / too much等不能與比較級(jí)連用。程度較大,譯作“得多”,使用any / far / much等;程度較小,譯作“稍許”,使用somewhat / a bit / a little / slightly等;程度遞增,譯作“更”,使用even / still / ever / yet等;具體程度用數(shù)目表示,如five foot / half / twice / three times等。
● 練一練
1. —How are your recent trip to Sichuan?
—Ive never had ________ one before.
A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant
C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant
2. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ______ money.
A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little
3. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
4. —The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why?Its ________ than the films I have ever seen.
A. far more interesting B. much less interesting
C. no more interesting D. any less interesting
5. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is ________ another to play it well yourself.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
[答案]
1. B。more pleasant構(gòu)成比較級(jí),比較級(jí)用于否定句表示最高級(jí)。
2. C。money不可數(shù),使用little修飾,表示原級(jí);so用于little / many前。
3. B。倍數(shù)比較使用as...as結(jié)構(gòu),倍數(shù)放在最前邊。
4. A。more interesting構(gòu)成比較級(jí),far用作程度修飾語(yǔ)。
5. A。quite another另一回事,另當(dāng)別論;rather 和much可用作程度修飾語(yǔ)。
編輯/梁宇清