大學英語寫作中常見的錯誤分析

[摘 要] 本文以某獨立學院非英語專業大一某幾個班學生的作文為例，分析了他們在英語寫作中出現的常見的語言錯誤類型，其目的在于讓學生意識到自己在英語寫作中可能常犯的錯誤并且加以改正，不斷提高英語寫作水平。

[關鍵詞] 大學英語寫作；錯誤分析

由于學生在初、高中階段對英語寫作訓練甚少，因此進入大學后他們在英語寫作中存在很多問題，特別是非英語專業學生沒有專門的英語寫作課，寫作技巧更是缺乏。本文以某獨立學院非英語專業大一學生為例，分析了他們在英語寫作中出現的語言錯誤，其目的在于讓學生意識到自己在英語寫作中可能常犯的錯誤并且加以改正，不斷提高英語寫作水平。就學生作文的錯誤而言，主要分為以下幾類：

一、主語用錯

1、無主語

如讓某班同學寫一篇題為進校后對大學的感受的作文，有同學寫到：

In my college feels comfortable.

正確的表述應該是I feel comfortable in my college.

2、非名詞作主語

同樣是寫一篇題為進校后對大學的感受的作文，有同學寫到：

Find a part-time job at college is helpful.

正確的表述應該是Finding a part-time job at college is helpful.

3、主語用錯

同樣是寫一篇題為進校后對大學的感受的作文，有同學寫到：

Reading as many books as possible can acquire knowledge at college.

如：We can acquire knowledge if we read as many books as possible at college.

4、前后主語不一致

如讓某班同學寫一篇題為住房問題的作文，有同學寫到：

Having pulled down one-family houses， more tall apartment buildings are built.

前句的主語應該是人，而后句的主語是more tall apartment buildings， 很明顯前后主語不一致， 正確的表述應該是：

Having pulled down one-family houses， the government built more tall apartment buildings.

二、謂語錯誤

1、多重謂語

同樣是寫一篇題為進校后對大學的感受的作文，有同學寫到：

There are many students read English in the morning at college.

正確的表述應該是There are many students reading English in the morning at college.

或者是 Many students read English in the morning at college.

2、非謂語動詞

如讓某班同學寫一篇題為交通問題的作文，有同學寫到：

Many people buy cars nowadays， but some people against it because it causes traffic problems.

正確的表述應該是：Many people buy cars nowadays， but some people are against it because it causes traffic problems. 因為against 不是動詞，所以應該用be against

3、主謂不一致

在學生的作文里最常見的主謂不一致就是一般現在時第三人稱主語后的謂語動詞忘記加單三形式的錯誤。

同樣是寫一篇題為住房問題的作文，有同學寫到：

The government decide to pull down one-family houses and build more tall apartment buildings.

正確的表述應該是 The government decides to pull down one-family houses and build more tall apartment buildings.

4、誤用詞組

同樣是寫一篇題為住房問題的作文，有同學寫到：

The housing problems in the city become serious because of more and more people move to the city.

because of 后面接名詞或名詞性的短語而because后面接句子，所以這里應該用because。

正確的表述應該是 The housing problems in the city become serious because more and more people move to the city.

三、破句

同樣是寫一篇題為住房問題的作文，有同學寫到：

Nowadays， the housing problem becomes serious. Because many people move to the cities.

正確的表述應該是Nowadays， the housing problem becomes serious because many people move to the cities.

四、搭配錯誤

同樣是寫一篇題為住房問題的作文，有同學寫到：

The housing price is so expensive that many people can't buy a house.

正確的表述應該是The housing price is so high that many people can't buy a house.

同樣是寫一篇題為交通問題的作文，有同學寫到：

Crowded traffic in some big cities is a big problem.

正確的表述應該是 Heavy traffic in some big cities is a big problem.

五、詞匯錯誤

1、代詞錯誤

主要是前后人稱代詞不一致

同樣是寫一篇題為進校后對大學的感受的作文，有同學寫到：

If we study hard at college， you will find a good job after graduation.

很明顯前句的主語是we， 后句的主語是you， 正確的表述應該是：

If we study hard at college， we will find a good job after graduation.

2、冠詞錯誤

同樣是寫一篇題為交通問題的作文，有同學寫到：

In my opinion， car can cause a lot of pollution.

正確的表述應該是：In my opinion， cars can cause a lot of pollution.

3、形容詞、副詞誤用

同樣是寫一篇題為進校后對大學的感受的作文，有同學寫到：

College life is quite differently from that in high school.

be動詞后面應該用形容詞，正確的表述應該是 College life is quite different from that in high school.

I feel happily at college.

系動詞后應用形容詞，所以正確的表述應該是I feel happy at college.

4、形容詞、名詞誤用

同樣是寫一篇題為住房問題的作文，有同學寫到：

With the development of the economic， more and more people move to the city.

這里economic是形容詞，此處應該用名詞。正確的表述應該是With the development of the economy， more and more people move to the city.

5、動詞過去式或過去分詞誤用

主要是一些不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的誤用，有些同學因為不了解而在后面加ed.

6、單詞拼寫錯誤

由于對詞匯的記憶欠牢固，有的同學憑印象去拼寫單詞而沒有通過查詞典去核實，因此容易出現單詞的拼寫錯誤。

六、中式英語

同樣是寫一篇題為進校后對大學的感受的作文，有同學寫到：

I very like my college.

正確的表述應該是 I like my college very much.

同樣是寫一篇題為交通問題的作文，有同學寫到：

My high school teacher met a traffic accident.

正確的表述應該是 My high school teacher had a traffic accident.

參考文獻：

[1]苗淑華，石廣清，曹輝.大學英語寫作錯誤分析[J]. 天津：天津市經理學院學報，2006（4）.

[2]趙玉珊，劉娜娜.基于英漢運思差異的大學英語寫作錯誤分析[J].山東：濰坊教育學院學報，2008（6）.

作者簡介：梅妮（1985—），女，湖北松滋人。工作單位：長江大學文理學院。 職稱：講師。 學歷：本科，畢業院校：長江大學。研究方向：二語習得。