在英語語言中,任何一個詞或句子都可以作為展開聯想、引發思維的中心點,任何一個時態、語法現象都可以作為形成知識網絡、完善學生能力的中心點。在教學中,教師如能不失時機地對學生進行點撥、引導,積極為學生創造聯想和思維的條件,提供促使學生網絡思維的環境和空間,那么,學生就會在語言學習中獲得極強的推理、歸納、總結、舉一反三、觸類旁通的邏輯思維能力。
在教學中,特別是講授語法時,我總是以培養學生的創造性思維和網絡思維為出發點,精心設計學習內容。如在復習形容詞的比較級和最高級時,我讓學生思考能用多少方法表達“李明是最高的”這一概念時,學生總結出以下句式:
1.Li Ming is the tallest in his class.
2.Li Ming is taller than any other student in his class.
3.Li Ming is taller than the other students in his class.
4.Li Ming is taller than the others in his class.
5.Li Ming is taller than any of the other students in his class.
6.Li Ming is taller than any one else.
7.No one is as tall as Li Ming in his class.
當學生發現有這么多的句子能表達同一基本意思時,會清楚地意識到,一旦學會了網絡式的思維,就能感受到什么叫“條條大路通羅馬”。
再比如,在復習時間狀語從句時,為啟發學生的網絡思維,我給出情景:They stopped talking. The teacher came in.我讓學生用時間狀語從句來連接上面的兩個句子,學生說出如下句子:
1.They stopped talking after the teacher came in.
2.They stopped talking when the teacher came in.
3.They didn’t stop talking before the teacher came in.
4.They didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
5.As soon as the teacher came in, they stopped talking.
6.They were talking while the teacher was away.
通過一個情景,讓學生復習了時間狀語從句,并有效地達到了以知識點為契機,培養學生擴散性和網絡式思維的能力。
又比如,復習條件狀語從句時,我也采取以點帶面,引導學生全方位思維的辦法讓學生全面理解這一語法知識。我先給出一個句子,如“Work hard, and you’ll study well”。讓學生用其他方法來表達這個句子的含義,于是學生給出如下句子:
1.If you work hard, you’ll study well.
2.You won’t study well unless you work hard.
3.You must work hard or you won’t study well.
4.You have to work hard otherwise you won’t study well.
5.As long as you work hard, you will study well.
當我提醒學生還有一種句式能表達這一概念時,就是利用非謂語動詞。學生會寫出:
6.Working hard you’ll study well.
這時,我要學生比較work hard和working hard作為條件狀語從句的區別:
Work hard, and you’ll study well.(此句為and引導的簡單并列句)
Working hard you’ll study well. (此句簡單句,分詞短語作狀語)
這樣,在培養學生學生整體思維、網絡思維的同時,又通過比較的方式,幫助學生理清了學習思路,較好地解決了這個語法點的重點和難點問題。
語法教學的課堂應當采取“教師引導—學生操練、嘗試、總結—教師再歸納”的教學模式,也就是我們所提倡的“由實踐到認識,再由認識到實踐”的學習過程。教師在教學中注重激發學生的學習興趣,培養學生的思維模式,化繁為簡,化難為易,讓學生在直觀、生動的語言環境中學習相關的語法知識,那么會使枯燥的語法學習其樂融融。
(作者單位 新疆維吾爾自治區烏魯木齊市第四中學)
?誗編輯 劉青梅