代詞的考點歸納與解題指導

代詞主要用來代替上文中已提及的人或事物。它對語境的依賴很強，所以代詞非常適合在語篇中進行考查，這也就不難解釋為什么代詞幾乎每年必考了。

一、考點歸納

語法填空中對代詞的考查是通過純空格形式來考查的，從往年的高考題來看，代詞的考點主要包括以下幾方面：

1. 人稱代詞。在句中作主語用主格：（單數）I，you，he，she，it，（復數）we，you，they；作賓語用賓格：（單數）me，you，him，her， it，（復數）us，you，them。

2. 反身代詞。在句中作賓語或同位語：（單數）myself， yourself，himself，herself，itself；（復數）ourselves，yourselves，themselves。

3. 名詞性物主代詞。在句中作主語、賓語、表語：（單數）mine，yours，his，hers，its；（復數）ours，yours，theirs。

4. 在句中作主語或賓語的不定代詞。表示兩者或多者的有both，either，neither，all，any，none；復合不定代詞有anything，anyone，anybody，something，someone，somebody，nothing，nobody等；替代詞有that，one，those等。

5. 指示代詞。有this，these，that，those等。

6. it的用法。指前面已提到的事物、想法或情況等；指時間、天氣、距離、環境等；作形式主語或形式賓語；用于it is...that...強調結構。

二、解法指導

純空格的語法填空題，當句子缺主語或賓語時，填代詞。因為在句中充當主語或賓語的應是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺少主語或賓語，就該填代詞。

在確定填代詞后，再根據語境，弄清所缺主語或賓語具體指代上文或下文中的具體內容，結合上述幾種代詞的不同意義和用法，確定填具體哪個代詞。

除了一些習慣的搭配外，如some...others、those who...、by myself等，在選擇代詞時，我們要從人稱、性、數等方面進行考慮，是指代人還是指代物。

[例1]（2012年廣東） “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？”the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class...

The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and...Then he took off，gave a big smile and said “That is cool”.

解析：此處是純空格題，句子took后缺少賓語，應填代詞；根據語境可知，是指前文的those glasses，故填them。

[例2]（2010年廣東） He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ？”

解析：及物動詞like（喜歡）后缺賓語，應填代詞的賓格形式；指前面提到的“水（the water）”，故填it。

[例3]（2011年廣東） I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation...

I’m glad I made a choice. It made of us feel good.

解析：made后缺賓語，用代詞；由上文 “We （I and the mentally disabled man） had an amazing conversation”可知，指作者和那個智障人“兩個人”，故填both。

三、即時練習

單句填空 請在空格處填入一個適當的代詞。

1. --Hello！ This is Mike.Who’s ？

--Hello！This is Jane.

2. The children seem to be totally incapable of working by

.

3. The cat likes taking a bath，now it is washing again.

4. I felt sorry for him because that wasn’t his fault，it was

.

5. I agree with what you said and my opinion is on the whole the same as .

6. I hope there are enough cups for each guest to have .

7. Both of them were very tired，but would stop to have a rest.

8. The houses of the rich are generally larger than of the poor.

9. Tomas was asked a lot of questions，but he didn’t answer

of them.

10. How far is to Paris from here？It’s 500 kilometers.

11. They consider a great honor to be able to host the Olympic Games.

12. was in the park that I meet my old classmate yesterday.

13. The kite in the shop was very nice and I decided to buy

.

14.（2013茂名二模）Then I realized I did’t even know her name. I asked all of my professors but knew her name.

15. （2012惠州二模）I smiled a big smile and worked a little，really.

語篇填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當的詞。

（1）

It was my first day at school in London. 1 felt both excited and nervous. On 2 way to school I wondered how I should behave 3 and if I would be accepted by other students.

When I reach school，my teacher had an conversation with me before class and it made 4 of us feel good. Then I was brought to the new class.

My teacher was called Mr. Jones. 5 was very fond of Charles Dickens and he had decided to read aloud to us from David Copperfield. First he asked a boy if he knew Dickens’ birthplace，but he didn’t guess right. Another boy called Brian，said：“Timbuktu”，and Mr. Jones went red in the face. Then he asked me. I said：“Portsmouth”，and everyone stared at 6

because Mr. Jones said I was right. This made me very popular and I found 7 easy to get along with others after that. I made several friends and had a good time with 8 . At the end of the day，I was no longer a stranger.

（2）

We were 1 busy preparing for the opening ceremony of the coming sports meeting these days. This morning， 2 held a meeting，discussing buying a class uniform for the performance at the ceremony. We reached a quick agreement on the design but 3 was terribly difficult to decide on its color. Some students advised red while 4 suggested blue. After a long discussion，we gave up 5 ，choosing white instead.

In the afternoon，our headmaster recommended three online shops to 6 . Unfortunately，the T-shirts in the first shops were a little expensive and 7 in the others were of poor quality. Since the opening ceremony was around the corner，we seemed to have no choice but to choose one of 8 . Finally，we made a bargain with the boss of the first shop. 9 agreed on our price，as well as offering two free ones for our teachers，which surprised us greatly. There was no doubt that he became a friend of 10 after the excellent buy. We could hardly wait for the performance！

答案及解析

單句填空

1. that 指示代詞，在句中做表語。

2. themselves 填反身代詞，表示他們自己。

3. itself 貓給自己洗澡，用反身代詞。

4. mine 指my fault，作表語。

5. yours 名詞性物主代詞，指your opinion。

6. one 指代前面提到的a cup。

7. neither 指兩個都不想停下來休息。

8. those 指代前面提到的the houses。

9. any 指沒有回答任何一個。

10. it 指距離。

11. it 作形式賓語，真正的賓語為后面的不定式。

12. It 構成強調句，強調地點狀語。

13. it 指代前面提到的the kite。

14. nobody 因but后的并列句中缺主語，應填代詞；根據前面語境，特別是but可以推出：我問了我的所有教授，但是沒有人知道她的名字。故填nobody。

15. it 因and后的并列句中缺主語，應填代詞；由句意或前后邏輯可知，應填it，指代前文中的I smiled a big smile。

語篇填空

（1）本文講述了主人公第一天來到學校上課的情景。

1. I 句中缺主語，應填代詞；根據前后內容推出是“我”感到既興奮又緊張，故填I。

2. my 根據搭配on one’s way to...得知，填形容詞性物主代詞，由主語為I，故填my。

3. myself 搭配behave oneself.做好自己。

4. both做made 的賓語，由前文得知談話是老師和作者兩個人之間的，故填both。

5. He句中缺少主語，填人稱代詞he指前面提到的my teacher。

6. me動詞stared at后缺賓語，根據前后關系得知是同學們看著我，填賓格形式me。

7. it作形式賓語，真正的賓語為后面的to get along with others。

8. them句中缺少賓語，應填賓格形式，them指前面提到的several friends。

（2）運動會前的講話。

1. all充當we的同位語，一般放在系動詞后，實義動詞前。

2. we充當主語用主格形式。

3. it作形式主語，代替后面的動詞不定式。

4. others習慣搭配：some... Others...一些人……另外一些人……。

5. both指代前文中的紅色和藍色，我們放棄了上述兩者。

6. us作介詞to的賓語。

7. those指代同類事物，另外兩家的T-shirts質量不好，復數用those。

8. them從三家中選擇一家，them指代前文出現過的three shops。

9. He指代前文中的網店掌柜the boss，主語用主格。

10. mine習慣搭配a friend of ours。

（作者單位：許炳杰 汕尾陸豐市龍潭中學；羅柳梅 東莞市塘廈中學）

責任編校 蔣小青