介詞的考點歸納與解題指導

一、考點歸納

介詞在語法填空中每年必考。主要考點有：

1. 簡單介詞。如：after，as，like，behind，for，from，of，in，on，at，to，with，by，about，above，across，against，below，beside，between，beyond，during，opposite，past，despite，near等。

2. 復合介詞。如：throughout，outside，within，without，onto，into，upon等。

2. 短語搭配中的介詞。如at a price，on one’s own，on sale，at table，be tired from doing，show respect for，reward sb. for sth，in a low voice等。

此外，常用介詞構成的短語：

二、解法指導

介詞后一定要接賓語，作賓語的通常是名詞、代詞或動名詞。因此，做純空格的語法填空時，若空格后是名詞、代詞或動名詞，且他們不是在句中作主語、表語，也不是作動詞的賓語時，這個格空就很可能是填介詞。然后根據句子意思和具體語境來確定填哪一個介詞。

[例1]（2013年廣東）The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.

解析：因名詞短語a lower price和the sweat and struggle在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語，應是作介詞的賓語，空格處應填介詞；第一空，根據與price的搭配，填at，at a lower price表示“以更低的價格”；第二空，由show respect for可知，填for。

[例2]（2012年廣東） The new boy looked at the teacher a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.

解析：名詞短語a few seconds在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語，應是作介詞的賓語，應填介詞；因表示某個動作持續的時間長度，用“for+時間段”，故填for。

三、即時練習

單句填空 在空格處填入一個適當的介詞。

1. （2011年廣東） I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him his own either.

2.（2010年廣東） His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home a happy heart.

3.（2009年廣東） Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes sale.

4.（2009年廣東）When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag， her parents were already

table having supper.

5.（2008年廣東）Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. these proverbs there are often interesting stories.

6.（2008年廣東）He was very tired doing this for a whole day.

7.（2007年廣東）I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house.

8.（2007年廣東）When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village，I wanted to reward the old woman the trouble I had caused her.

9.（2011廣東全國）This shop will be closed for repairs

further notice.

10.（2011廣東上海）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you the tough years.

11.（2012廣東陜西）An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are it.

12.（2012廣東安徽）You can change your job， you can move house， but friendship is meant to be life.

13.（2013廣東北京）I have an appointment Dr. Smith，but I need to change it.

14.（2013全國新課標II）A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.

語篇填空 在短文的空格處填入一個適當的介詞。

（一）

Conflicts 1 others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don’t deal with them properly. Last week，Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately，they bumped 2 each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back 3

response. A terrible quarrel occurred all 4 a sudden. How to avoid these quarrels effectively？First，we should often stand

5 others’ shoes when faced 6 conflicts. Second，think twice and you may find that things are not as bad as you thought first. What’s more，competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries，which should be taken 7 consideration when you participate in a game.

（二）

I parked my car when I got to a local supermarket，looked down 1 my long shopping list and hoped that I could afford it all. As I approached the door，I saw a man 2 kind eyes and a gentle smile. He said he was collecting 3

a local food bank that helped to feed the hungry people 4

my area. He handed me a second shopping list 5 things they could use and asked me if I could help. I smile back，took the list and walked 6 the store. I really wanted to help，but I wasn’t sure if I could this time. I walked 7 the store，picked up vegetables，soup，bread，milk，bananas and some other things. When I looked down at my full cart，I wondered again if I had enough to pay. As I put my own list back

8 my pocket，I saw the food bank list 9 it. I smiled and decided to trust my heart. It takes so little to make our world a better place. A few dollars can help a hungry child. An encouraging word can inspire someone else to live and to love.

答案與解析

單句填空

1. on因on one’s own（=alone）是固定搭配，所以填on。

2. with名詞a happy heart 在句中不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語，就應是作介詞的賓語，空格處應填介詞； 由句意可知，是指這個年輕人“帶著”愉快的心情回家，表示“帶著”用with。

3. on固定搭配on sale，表示“出售”。

4. at名詞（table）在句中不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語，很可能就是作介詞的賓語；由having supper可知，填at； 因為at table表示“在餐桌邊，在進餐”，也是習慣搭配。

5. In /Behind指“在這些成語的背后”或“在這些成語里”常常會有一些有趣的故事，表示“在……的背后”，用介詞behind，表示“在……里”，用in。

6. from因“他感到很累”應是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”，用介詞after；另外be tired from doing表示“因做某事而累”，所以也可填from。

7. as意思是“把我當作客人”來接待，表示“當作，作為”，用介詞as。

8. for表示“因……而酬謝 /報答某人”是reward sb. for sth.。

9. until句意為：這家商店將停業裝修，營業時間另行通知；until表示 “直到……為止”。

10. through 句意為：畢業時刻是感謝曾經幫助你度過艱難時期的好時間。help sb.through sth. 表示“幫助某人度過某段時期”。

11. against句意為：這個合同看起來不可能被通過，因為委員會上大多數人反對它。against表示“反對”。

12. for句意為：你可以換工作，搬家，但是友誼應該是終生的。for life表示“一輩子，終生”。

13. with句意為：我跟史密斯博士有個約會，但是現在我得更改一下。have an appointment with sb. 表示“跟某人有預約”。

14. without句意為：如果沒有一些數學知識，對物理進行嚴謹地研究是不可能的。without表示“如果沒有”。

語篇填空

（一）日常生活中和別人發生沖突是很常見的事，我們必須學會明智地處理沖突。

1. with 表示跟別人發生沖突。

2. into 搭配：bump into撞到，碰上。

3. in 搭配：in response回應。

4. of 搭配：all of a sudden突然。

5. in 搭配：in others’ shoes處在別人的位置上，站在別人的立場上。

6. with 搭配：be faced with面對。

7. into 搭配：take sth into consideration考慮。

（二）心靈美經久不衰，永不退色；助人為樂，笑口常開都是心靈美的體現。

1. at 搭配：look at看。

2. with 表示“帶有”的含意。

3. for 表示目的，意為“為了”。

4. in 表示方位，意為“在某一地區”。

5. of 搭配：a list of清單。

6. into 搭配：walk into，走進。

7. through 此處表示“逛商店”。

8. into 搭配：put ... into放進去。

9. under 表示方位， 意為“在下面”。

（作者單位：肇慶中學）

責任編校 蔣小青