關聯詞的考點歸納與解題指導

一、考點歸納

關聯詞在近5年廣東高考的語法填空中，每年都有1～2空，是考查的一個重要項目，具體考點歸納為以下四大點：

1. 并列連詞。主要有and，or，but，while（而，卻）， so，not only...but（also），neither...nor， either...or，not...but，for（因為），when（=and just at this time就在這時）等。

2. 定語從句的關系詞。

（1）關系代詞有who，whom，which，that， whose；

（2）關系副詞有when，where，why（僅限先行詞為reason）等。

注意：先行詞是occasion時，常用when；先行詞是point，stage，situation，case，position時，常用where。

3. 名詞性從句的引導詞。

（1）連詞that，無任何詞義，在從句中不充當任何句子成分，引導賓語從句時可省略；

（2）連詞whether（是否）在從句中不充當任何句子成分，引導賓語從句時也可用if；

（3）連接代詞有what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等；

（4）連接副詞有how，when，where，however，whenever，wherever。

4. 狀語從句的從屬連詞。

（1）引導時間狀語從句的有when，while，as，before，after，since，till/until，whenever，as soon as，the moment等；

（2）引導原因狀語從句的有because，as，since，now（that），seeing（that，considering（that），given（that）；

（3）條件狀語從句if，unless，as/so long as等；

（4）引導目的狀語從句的有so that，in order that等；

（5）引導結果狀語從句的有so that，so/such...that等；

（6）引導地點狀語從句的有where， wherever等；

（7）引導比較狀語從句的有as，than等；

（8）引導方式狀語從句的有as，as if/thought等；

（9）引導讓步狀語從句的有although，though，as，while（雖然），even if/though，whatever，wherever，however，whenever， whether...or...等。

二、解法指導

當空格前后都是句子（一個主謂關系算一個句子），且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞時，那空格處應填關聯詞，否則，句子就不完整了。

根據兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系，或者根據句式結構，確定是并列句還是某種主從復合句。然后確定這個句子在整個句子中所作句子成分確定從句類型，再結合關聯詞的意義和使用特點確定具體的關聯詞。如：一旦判斷是定語從句，就根據定語從句的先行詞和代表先行詞的關系詞在從句中充當的成分，來確定關系詞。如果在從句中作主語、賓語或定語，用關系代詞；如果作狀語，則用關系副詞。

[例1]（2011年廣東）My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me the bus arrived.

解析：空格前后都是句子且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞，應填關聯詞； 由兩句之間的邏輯關系可知，是“等到車來”，表示“直到”用until，引導時間狀語從句。

[例2]（2011年廣東）Behind him were other people to he was trying to talk，...

解析：空格前后都是句子且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞，應填關聯詞； 后面一句應當這樣理解he was trying to talk to the people（他正試圖同他們說話），可見，后面一句是定語從句，先行詞是people，直接在介詞后應用關系代詞whom引導定語從句。

[例3]（2008年廣東）One day，he came up with an idea he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.

解析：引導同位語從句，說明idea的具體內容； 從句的結構和意義完整，用that引導。

三、即時練習

在下列短文的空格處填空一個適當的關聯詞。

（一）

The film American Dreams in China （《中國合伙人》），directed by Peter Chan，is a carefully-calculated （有計劃的） film with an eye toward opening the mainland cinema market. Chan has been one of the industry’s most powerful voices ever

1 he got into the Hong Kong film industry with He’s a Woman，She’s a Man.

American Dreams in China is a film purely for Chineses audiences，but 2 it plays there remains to be seen. It sends the right massages，but 3 that’s enough to make it a hit is everyone’s guess.

The film began 4 the economic reforms were first carried out in China in the 1980s. Cheng Dongqing，Meng Xiaojun and Wang Yang were three friends at university in Beijing and preparing for American visa interviews. Wang was the first to be granted the visa 5 he gave it up for his western girlfriend，and Cheng was repeatedly denied. Only Meng actually got a study visa. 6 he was leaving，he told his friends 7 he wouldn’t come back.

Several years later，New Dream，a school 8 was built from the ashes of Cheng’s misfortune and wang’s ability to connect with students through Hollywood movies，brought them a new star. In America，Meng suffered a lot. He felt so disappointed 9 he went home to join New Dream. Later，there was a point 10 the three friends’ relationship became worsened，but finally was improved under the weight of their common goals.

（二）

Science and technology have been bringing human beings tremendous benefits. For example，online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities， 1 people are able to make full use of the rapidly-developed internet technology. Nowadays，can we find a person 2 has not experienced online shopping？ Definitely not. Online shopping is welcomed by most people 3 various reasons. From the perspective of consumers，it can save time for people 4 don’t have much spare time. Just click the mouse， 5 they can get

6 they want while staying at home. For the retailers，it can cut some costs for those 7 don’t have much circulating funds 8 they don’t have to spend money in renting a house. However，there are still some disadvantages in online shopping. First，a face-to-face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. Second，people will lose the fun of bargain.

It is undeniable 9 shopping on the internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society and dramatically changed the way 10 people live. It’s of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without the concern of being cheated.

答案與解析

（一）本文介紹了2013年的熱門電影—陳可辛導演的《中國合伙人》，講述由20世紀80年代至21世紀初，大時代下三個年輕人從學生年代相遇、相識，擁有同樣的夢想至一起打拼事業，共同創辦英語培訓學校，最后功成名就實現夢想的勵志故事。

1. since 引導時間狀語從句，注意主句跟從句的時態。

2. how 引導主語從句，“在內地的放映方式仍有待觀察”。

3. whether 引導主語從句。

4. when 引導時間狀語從句。

5. but 轉折，“拿到簽證卻放棄了”。

6. As/When 引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……的時候”。

7. that 引導賓語從句。

8. which 引導定語從句，修飾前面的school。

9. that 引導結果狀語從句，構成“so...that”的結構。

10. where 引導定語從句，先行詞為point。

（二）本文為說明文，說明了網購的優缺點，并提出只有在相關法律的保證下才能更好的享受網購的樂趣和便利。

1. where 引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為cities。

2. who 引導限制性定語從句，先行詞為a person。

3. for 因for various reasons表示“由于不同的原因”。

4. who 引導限制性定語從句，先行詞為people。

5. and 構成“祈使句，and+句子”的結構。

6. whatever 引導賓語從句。

7. who 引導限制性定語從句，先行詞為those。

8. because 引導原因狀語從句。

9. that 引導主語從句，充當真正的主語，但后置，it是形式主語。

10. that 引導定語從句，先行詞為the way。

（作者單位：廣州市第二中學）

責任編校 蔣小青