動詞的時態語態的考點歸納與解題指導

一、考點歸納

七年來動詞的時態每年都有一道題，而關于動詞的語態，只有2009年考過一次。

重點掌握以下八種時態及其被動語態：一般現在時、現在完成時、現在進行時、一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進行時、一般將來時、過去將來時。

二、解法指導

在語法填空的給詞題中，先判斷所在句子有沒有謂語動詞，如果沒有謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但所填的動詞與之是并列關系時，就是填謂語動詞，這時就要根據語境考慮時態和語態，我們可以稱之為“變態”，即轉變這個所給動詞的時態和語態。

[例1]（2008廣東高考） Being too anxious to help an event develop often __________（result）in the contrary to our intention.

解析：句中無謂語，故result應作謂語；又從always可知，此時應該用一般現在時；又因主語是V-ing短語，為單數概念，所以此題的答案應該是results.

[例 2]（2009廣東高考） Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane __________ （inform）.

解析：句中無謂語，inform應為謂語動詞；又因Jane與inform是被動關系，即“Jane被告知”，所以用被動語態；由上句謂語動詞was可知，用一般過去時；故inform應為一般過去時的被動語態，填was informed。

[例3]（2011廣東高考） He__________ （pretend） that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.

解析：主句無謂語，所以pretend 應該作主句的謂語；又由與之并列的giving可知，這里應是過去進行時，故填was pretending。

[例4]（2013廣東高考）Suddenly，he __________ （find） that he had run out of salt.

解析：主句無謂語動詞，所以find作謂語動詞；又因為從句的謂語是過去完成時，所以此時主句的謂語應該用一般過去時，故填found。

三、即時練習

用所給動詞的正確形式填空。

How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years？It 1 （take）me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question. When Dad first quit drinking， the whole family was on pins and needles（坐立不安）every time he got into a situation that，in the past，would have started him drinking again. For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 2 （begin）again.

“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day，”was Dad’s reply to my 18-year-old unasked question. And then he 3 （share）the poem with me.

About a month after this talk with my father，when I

4 （have）a rest， I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine. It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.

It 5 （be）my experience that when you 6

（get）something with days of the year on it，you 7 （ turn）to the page that lists your own birthday.

I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me. There，on my birthday，was the exact same poem that 8 （help）my father for all these years！It 9 （call）the Serenity Prayer.

答案與解析

本文講的是一位十八歲的兒子鼓起勇氣問出了近二十年來懷揣的關于父親如何戒酒成功的問題，最后從一本朋友送的書上在自己生日對應的那一頁看到了父親戒酒期間鼓勵自己的禱告，體現了父親為了兒子而戒煙的濃濃的父愛。

1. took 從下文“For a few years we were afraid to...”的“was”可知，此處應該用一般過去時。

2. would begin 從句無謂語動詞，且從上文“we were afraid”可知，此處缺少一個表示過去將來的謂語動詞。

3. shared 本句無謂語動詞，share應為謂語動詞，從上文的時間副詞 then 可知，此處應為一般過去時。

4. was having在when 引起的時間狀語從句中無謂語動詞，故have應是謂語動詞，又從主句的謂語動詞received可知，當時作者應該是正在休息，故用過去進行時。

5. has been因be在主句中作謂語又由“ my experience”可知，這樣的事情已經發生多次，已成經驗，故用完成時態。

6. get這里表達的是一件經常發生的事情，故用一般現在時。

7. will turn在when引導的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞get用一般現在時，主句就會用一般將來時。

8. had helped因help在定語從句中作謂語，由主句謂語動詞的時態和for all these years可知，要用過去完成時。

9. is called 因call在句中作謂語；而it與call之間是被動關系；文中講的是書名，應為客觀存在的事實，故答案為is called。

（作者單位：廣東第二師范學院番禺附屬中學）

責任編校 蔣小青