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宮崎駿經典動畫一覽

2013-12-31 00:00:00Fromempireonline.com/譯/趙越
新東方英語·中學版 2013年11期

從1984年的《風之谷》到2013年的《起風了》,宮崎駿用他對生活細致入微的觀察、對大自然的體悟與敬畏以及他的人道主義關懷構筑了一個五彩斑斕又充滿哲思的動畫世界。在那里,有純真無邪的女童,也有滿臉皺紋的老嫗,有神秘善良的神靈,也有邪惡貪婪的鬼怪。在那里,你能聽到受傷的大自然凄厲的呼號,感受到無憂童年的極致樂趣,還能看到堅強、善良和勇敢的力量。在宮崎駿宣布退休之際,讓我們一起回顧宮崎駿那些觸動心靈的作品,

聽聽宮崎駿本人創作時的肺腑之言。

Nausicaa of the Valley of The Wind 《風之谷》(1984年)

Based on Miyazaki's own complex manga (which he didn't finish until 1994?。?Nausicaa is a remarkable work, set in a post-apocalyptic1) world swathed2) in poisonous gas, the quarrelling remnants3) of humanity sharing the earth with giant insectoids4). It's eerily5) beautiful, with a powerful, young female lead character—now a Miyazaki mainstay6)—and is not the last of his films to resound with a clear environmental message (the mercury-pollution of Minamata Bay7) was his main inspiration).

《風之谷》改編自宮崎駿創作的一部情節復雜的同名漫畫(該漫畫直到1994年才完結),是一部非常出色的作品。影片將背景設在一個被災難洗劫后的世界,那里毒氣彌漫,殘存的人類爭吵不休,與巨型蟲類共享著地球。影片透著一種怪異的美感,其主角是一位能力非凡的少女(如今這已成為宮崎駿電影的一個主要特色)。宮崎駿的多部動畫電影都體現了鮮明的環保主題,《風之谷》便是其中一部(發生在水俁灣的汞污染事件是宮崎駿創作《風之谷》的主要靈感來源)。

·Miyazaki on Miyazaki 宮崎駿創作感言

\"Why did the lead character have to be female? Well, it doesn't look truthful if the guy has power like that! Women are able to straddle8) both the real world and the other world—like mediums9). In the oldest form of the Cinderella story, she was able to travel freely to the other world through the hearth10): that's what empowered her. It isn't the swordplay11) that Nausicaa is good at; it's that she understands both the human world and the insect world. No animals feel danger in approaching her; she's able to totally erase her sense of existence. Males, they are aggressive, only in the human sphere—very shallow! (Laughs) So it had to be a female character.\"

“為什么這部動畫的主角必須是女性呢?嗯,如果男人擁有那樣的能力,影片看起來就不真實了!女人就像靈媒一樣,能夠跨越兩個世界——現實世界和其他世界。在最老版本的灰姑娘的故事中,灰姑娘可以通過壁爐爐床自由穿行到另一個世界,正是這點賦予了她力量。娜烏西卡(編注:《風之谷》的女主角)所擅長的并不是她的劍術,而是她既了解人類世界又通曉昆蟲世界的能力。任何動物在接近她時都不會感到危險,因為她能夠完全抹除自己的存在感。相比之下,男性僅僅在人類世界中表現得積極進取——太淺薄了?。ㄐα诵Γ┧裕讹L之谷》的主角必須是女性?!?/p>

My Neighbour Totoro《龍貓》(1988年)

Considered Miyazaki's masterpiece, and certainly his best-loved work, its big-grinned forest-spirit star forms the basis of a huge merchandising12) empire in Japan. An intimate family tale set during one summer in 1950s rural Japan, it boasts13) astonishing attention to detail and delicate characterization of two young sisters, Mei and Satsuki, who have moved with their father to a new house while their mother is away in hospital (Miyazaki's own mother suffered from spinal tuberculosis14)). Few films better capture15) the joyful power of unfettered16) childhood imagination.

《龍貓》被看作是宮崎駿的杰作,當然也是他本人最鐘愛的作品。影片的主角——那位咧嘴大笑的森林精靈——為日本龐大的文化衍生品帝國的形成奠定了基礎。影片故事發生在20世紀50年代的一個夏天,圍繞日本鄉下一個相親相愛的家庭展開。令影片引以為傲的是,影片對細節的關注令人驚異,對年幼的兩姐妹小梅和小月的性格刻畫得細致入微。小梅和小月在媽媽生病住院期間與爸爸一起搬進了一所新房子(宮崎駿的媽媽曾身患脊柱結核)?!洱堌垺烦晒φ宫F了童年時代無拘無束的想象力所帶來的快樂力量,在這一點上,幾乎沒有其他電影能夠與之相媲美。

·Miyazaki on Miyazaki 宮崎駿創作感言

\"I can't make films that are, you know—slay the villain, everybody's happy. I can't make those kinds of films. I think that when children become three or four years old, they just need to see Totoro. It's a very innocent film. I wanted to make a film in which there's a monster that's living next door but you can't see it. Like when you walk into a forest, you sense something. You don't know what it is, but there's a certain presence. That's happened to me many times, you know? I recently spent two months in a big old house, alone, on top of a cliff by the sea, and I would be in one room but it felt like there were other people living in the other rooms. When I would go out for a walk, I thought they would be lonely, so I turned on my radio to entertain them while I'm out!\"

“我無法創作那種電影,你知道的,那種除掉惡棍、皆大歡喜的故事。我不會創作那種類型的電影。在我看來,孩子們到了三四歲時就需要去看《龍貓》。這部電影充滿了童真。我曾經想要創作這樣一部電影:你家隔壁住著一只怪獸,可你卻看不到它。就像當你走進一片森林,你覺察到有什么東西,你不知道那是什么,但一定有什么東西存在。你知道嗎?這種事情我經歷過很多次。最近,我獨自在一座古老的大宅中住了兩個月,那座古宅坐落于海邊一處懸崖的頂端。我待在其中一個房間里,但卻感覺別的房間里還住著其他人。當我要出去散步時,我覺得他們會感到孤單,于是就打開了收音機,讓他們在我外出時也感到開心?!?/p>

Princess Mononoke《幽靈公主》(1997年)

Princess Mononoke was Ghibli's17) most expensive movie, and went on to become Japan's biggest-ever grossing18) picture. Following a young warrior mortally cursed by a diseased boar19)-demon, it takes us deep into Japan's primeval forest, as its gods of nature resist humanity's industrial progress. Arguably20) unsuitable for Ghibli's younger audience, it features brutal combat scenes and monstrous mutations21), entwining22) the theme of aborted23) innocence with its overt24) environmental concerns.

《幽靈公主》是吉卜力動畫工作室耗資最多的一部電影,繼而成為日本歷史上獲利最豐的一部影片。影片從一位年輕的勇士受到一個患病的野豬神的詛咒而性命難保開始,接著將我們帶到日本的原始森林深處,因為那里的自然之神抗拒人類的工業進步。由于這部影片包含殘酷的打斗場面和恐怖的突變過程,并將失落的純真這一主題與對環境問題的公開關注緊密結合,因此,影片可能并不適合吉卜力較為年幼的觀眾。

·Miyazaki on Miyazaki 宮崎駿創作感言

\"It was a huge risk, totally different from when I was making Kiki25). I'd had that experience with Porco Rosso26), the war happened (in the former Yugoslavia), and I learned that mankind doesn't learn. After that, we couldn't go back and make some film like Kiki's Delivery Service. It felt like children were being born to this world without being blessed. How could we pretend to them that we're happy?\"

“創作這部動畫有很大的風險,這跟我創作《魔女急宅便》時的情形截然不同。這樣的經歷我在創作《紅豬》時就有過。(發生在前南斯拉夫的)那場戰爭讓我明白,人類沒有吸取教訓。從那以后,我們就無法再像以前一樣制作《魔女急宅便》那樣的動畫電影了。有這樣的事情發生,就感覺好像孩子們在降生時沒有得到祝福一樣。我們怎么能在他們面前假裝我們活得很開心呢?”

Spirited Away 《千與千尋》(2001年)

Sixteen years after the foundation of Ghibli, Miyazaki finally found success in the West. Heaped27) with critical praise, and also an Oscar, his colourful tale of a sulky28) girl named Chihiro trapped in a world of spirits, demons and gods after her parents are turned into pigs proved pleasantly flummoxing29) to its Western audience. It takes a sudden twist of direction midway through, shifting focus from Chihiro to hungry ghost No-Face, then sending the girl on a mission to save boy Aku rather than freeing her parents.

在吉卜力動畫工作室成立16年之后,宮崎駿終于在西方獲得了成功。他這部生動有趣的電影不僅廣受贊譽,還贏得了奧斯卡金像獎。影片中,一個悶悶不樂的女孩千尋的父母被變成了豬玀,隨后,千尋被困在了一個充斥著幽靈、惡魔和鬼神的世界。這樣的情節雖然令西方觀眾大惑不解,但卻博得了他們的喜愛。影片故事進行到一半時突然發生了轉折,將焦點從千尋轉到了餓鬼無臉人身上;接下來,影片又給千尋安排了一個重要任務——不是去解救她的父母,而是去拯救男孩小白(編注:小白是一條小白龍,可以變成人形)。

·Miyazaki on Miyazaki 宮崎駿創作感言

\"There were these girls I'd known since they'd been babies. They were daughters of my friend. And they grew to be 10 and 12 and I said, 'I can distance myself from them now, they're going to blossom into women and I don't have to play uncle anymore.' And I was wondering how they would live from now on, and I thought of Spirited Away as a gift to those girls.\"

“有一些女孩是我看著長大的。她們是我朋友的女兒。當她們長大,成為10歲、12歲的姑娘時,我說:‘現在我可以跟她們保持距離了,她們將要成長為女人,而我也不需要再扮演叔叔的角色了?!也恢浪齻儚默F在起會如何生活下去,于是就想到把《千與千尋》這部動畫作為禮物送給她們。”

Ponyo《懸崖上的金魚姬》(2010年)

Ponyo was close to My Neighbour Totoro, aiming at his youngest audience since 1988. But with its luxuriant hand-drawn style it has warmth and palpability30) that makes it feel unique among modern animated features. It also takes Miyazaki to new territory: where he usually takes to the skies, here he dives deep into the ocean, which rebellious young goldfish-girl Ponyo seeks to escape for the joys of terrestrial31) life with resourceful32) five-year-old boy Sosuke.

《懸崖上的金魚姬》跟《龍貓》很像,自1988年以來,宮崎駿通過該動畫影片再次將目標鎖定于最年輕的觀眾群體。不過,絢麗的手繪風格讓這部影片充滿溫暖且易于感知,使其在諸多現代動畫長片中顯得獨一無二?!稇已律系慕痿~姬》還把宮崎駿帶入一個新的領域:他通常喜歡描繪天空,而這一次他潛入了深海。深海中一個叛逆的金魚小女孩波妞試圖逃脫海洋,和五歲的機智男孩宗介一起享受陸地生活的樂趣。

·Miyazaki on Miyazaki 宮崎駿創作感言

\"I thought maybe we'd travelled too far away from children, that we should go back to the five-year-olds. But I can't go back and make the same innocent Totoro kind of film. So I put in more complex things.\"

“我覺得我們可能離孩子太遠了,應該回歸到五歲孩童的生活。然而,我無法再倒退回去,去創作像《龍貓》那樣純真無邪的電影。所以,我在《懸崖上的金魚姬》中加入了一些更為復雜的東西?!?/p>

1.apocalyptic [??p?k??l?pt?k] adj. 預示大動亂的;預示世界末日恐怖景象的

2.swathe [swe?e] vt. 包裹,包圍

3.remnant [?remn?nt] n. [常作~s]殘存部分;殘余分子

4.insectoid [??nsekt??d] n. 蟲類,指任何帶有蟲子或蜘蛛外形特征的生物。

5.eerily [???r?li] adv. 怪異地

6.mainstay [?me?nste?] n. 主要依靠,支柱

7.the mercury-pollution of Minamata Bay: 日本水俁灣汞污染事件。1932~1968年,日本熊本縣水俁鎮的一家化工廠排出的廢水中含有汞,導致海水中的魚蝦中毒,又經過食物鏈使人中毒。經確定,到2001年3月,有2265人因此受到傷害,其中1784人死亡。此次事件是世界上有名的公害事件之一。

8.straddle: 請參見P7注釋29

9.medium [?mi?di?m] n. 靈媒,巫師

10.hearth [hɑ?θ] n. 壁爐爐床

11.swordplay [?s??dple?] n. 劍術

12.merchandising [?m??t??nda?z??] n. (由電影、人物或事件衍生的)產品,商品

13.boast [b??st] vt. 以擁有……而自豪

14.spinal tuberculosis: 脊柱結核

15.capture [?k?pt??(r)] vt. (圖片、著作、電影等)準確地表達出(某種情感或氣氛)

16.unfettered [?n?fet?d] adj. 無拘無束的

17.Ghibli: 請參見P8注釋4

18.gross [ɡr??s] v. 總共賺得(收入或毛利)

19.boar [b??(r)] n. 野豬

20.arguably [?ɑ?ɡju?bli] adv. 可論證地;可能,大概

21.mutation [mju??te??n] n. 【生】突變;突變體

22.entwine [?n?twa?n] vt. 使緊密結合

23.aborted [??b??t?d] adj. (計劃等)中途失敗的,夭折的

24.overt [???v??t] adj. 公開的,明顯的

25.Kiki: 全稱Kiki's Delivery Service,指《魔女急宅便》,為1989年上映的動畫電影,由宮崎駿導演,改編自日本著名兒童文學作家角野榮子1985年的同名小說,主要講述了13歲的小魔女琪琪面對困難如何去克服的故事。

26.Porco Rosso:《紅豬》,是以宮崎駿在一本模型雜志上連載的漫畫為基礎改編的動畫電影,于1992年上映,講述了一位專門打擊空賊集團、面孔為豬的飛行好手波魯克的故事。

27.heap [hi?p] vt. 大量地(或慷慨地)給予

28.sulky [?s?lki] adj. 生氣的,慍怒的,繃著臉的

29.flummox [?fl?m?ks] vt. <口>使困惑,使慌亂

30.palpability [?p?lp??b?l?ti] n. 可感知性;可感知物

31.terrestrial [t??restri?l] adj. 陸地的

32.resourceful [r??s??sfl] adj. 機敏的

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