高考英語短文改錯出題規律及解題技巧

短文改錯題測試難度大，考查面廣，能力要求高。本文通過分析5年（2008年—2012年）的高考卷英語科短文改錯題考查的內容，旨在揭示高考短文改錯題的出題動向和思路，了解解題的規律，拾遺補漏，揚長避短，進而掌握該題的一些解題方法和技巧。

短文改錯的宗旨是測試考生發現、判斷、糾正文章中錯誤的能力。具體來說，就是給出一篇短文，設有10個小題，10分制。除了有1題正確之外，其他9題均有錯詞、漏詞或多詞，簡稱“錯、漏、多”。學生務必關注命題角度，注意解題思路，掌握解題步驟與技巧，分清錯誤的類別，對癥下藥，思考判斷。

一、錯詞

錯詞的類型復雜，但常見的還是搭配錯誤與語法錯誤，特別是學生平時寫作時常犯的錯誤最易為命題者所關注。對于平時常常疏忽、常常出錯的地方要精心改正，做題時更要小心仔細。

命題角度1考點1解題思路名詞1冠詞1判斷名詞前的冠詞是否誤用名詞1名詞的數1句中名詞該用單數還是復數動詞1時態、語態、主謂一致1根據上下文判斷動詞時態、語態是否有誤，主謂搭配是否正確非謂語動詞1過去分詞、現在分詞、動名詞、不定式1根據上下文判斷非謂語動詞是否誤用代詞1人稱代詞的格、指定代詞及從句關系詞11. 人稱代詞的格是否誤用

2. 代詞前后指代是否一致

3. 定語從句中關系詞是否誤用形容詞、副詞1詞法1判斷句中形容詞和副詞是否混淆使用介詞1習慣用法1習慣用法中介詞是否誤用連詞1句法1判斷句中并列連詞、從屬連詞是否誤用1. Different people speak different language. 1.

2. Last Sunday， the police cars hurry to the tallest building. 2.

3. The students each has a dictionary. 3.

4. There are falling leaves on the ground. 4.

5. I’m looking forward to hear from you soon. 5.

6. One should love their country. 6.

7. The population in China is much larger than those in Australia. 7.

這個根據圖片提示猜習語的小游戲可以激發學生的好奇心和想象力，能夠很好地活躍課堂氣氛，優化學習效果。

三、Learning idioms in reading

對比閱讀也是中學生學習美國習語的有效方式。我們將包含習語的文章用標準英語轉化為簡單易懂的文章。學生可以通過閱讀對比學習習語的含義和用法。

【案例三】

Idioms： work for peanuts， out to lunch， walk on eggshells

Procedures：

1. Read the first passage that contains idioms and try to guess their meanings.

2. Read the second passage and find out the meanings of the idioms. Do you guess right？

Passage 1：

My brother doesn’t like his job for three reasons. First， it is his salary. He is working for peanuts. Second， it is his boss. He is often out to lunch， making lots of unwise decisions. Third， the electrical appliances that they make are poor in quality. My poor brother is always walking on eggshells.

Passage 2：

My brother doesn’t like his job for three reasons. First， it is his salary. He is working for a small amount of money. Second， it is his boss. He is often stupid， making lots of unwise decisions. Third， the electrical appliances that they make are poor in quality. My poor brother always has to be extremely careful in what he does and say at work.

美國習語起源于人們的現實生活，它們是美國生活、文化、精神的真實反映。學習美國習語對于真正掌握地道美語、實現跨文化交際具有非常重要的意義！

（責任編輯周侯辰）