談?wù)刦rom +where引導(dǎo)的從句

閆躍

作為表示起源的介詞，from的賓語除了可由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)外，還可以由副詞或介詞短語充當(dāng)。如：

Lastly， were going to visit Athens， and fly home from there. 最后，我們將訪問雅典，然后從那兒乘飛機(jī)回國。

We heard noises coming from upstairs， but we didnt pay much attention to them. 我們聽到了樓上傳來的響聲，但我們沒怎么在意。

He crawled out from under the table. 他從桌子下面爬了出來。

They were elected from among the workers. 他們是從工人當(dāng)中選出來的。

副詞或介詞短語可以用作另一介詞的賓語，這也是關(guān)系副詞where能夠位于介詞from之后充當(dāng)其賓語的依據(jù)。

一、關(guān)系副詞where作介詞from的賓語

介詞from之后可接一個(gè)由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，或者說form where可以用來引出一個(gè)定語從句，相當(dāng)于 and from there（從那兒），其先行詞是主句中表示地點(diǎn)的名詞或介詞短語。

1. from where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句以地點(diǎn)名詞作先行詞。

Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric， but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land， from where he eventually reached Greenland. 比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父親，但他被颶風(fēng)吹離航線，刮到一個(gè)不知名的地方，從那里他最終到達(dá)了格陵蘭島。

She climbed up to the top of the hill，from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山頂，從那里她可以一覽全城風(fēng)光。

We went up to the roof，from where we had a good view of the procession. 我們爬到屋頂，從那兒我們可以一覽整個(gè)行進(jìn)隊(duì)伍。

以地點(diǎn)名詞作先行詞時(shí)，from where也可引出一個(gè)限制性定語從句，如：

This is the place from where the river branches out. 這就是河流從此分流的地方。

We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the village below. 我們步行了兩個(gè)半小時(shí)才到達(dá)那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一個(gè)陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。

上面五個(gè)句子中的form where不宜改為from which，原因在于定語從句改成一個(gè)由and連接的獨(dú)立分句之后，替代關(guān)系副詞where的并非代詞it/them，而是回指名詞先行項(xiàng)的地點(diǎn)副詞there，表示先行詞所指的相關(guān)地點(diǎn)。

2. from where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句以介詞短語作先行詞。

Tom hid himself behind the door， from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. 湯姆躲在門后，從那他能清楚地聽到他媽媽的腳步聲。

After supper，he usually stoodnear the window，from wherehe could see the tower，the tallest building of the town. 晚飯之后，他通常站在窗邊，從這里他可以看見那座塔，這是鎮(zhèn)里最高的建筑物了。

Look over there！ Some people are standing under the big tree，from whereyou can enjoy the whole view. 往那看！一些人站在那棵大樹底下，從那里你可以一覽整個(gè)風(fēng)光。

There are rootsaround the old bamboo roots，from where young roots will grow up straight and high. 在竹子的老根周圍又長出新根，新根將長得又高又直。

Alice stood in front of the window， from whereshe could watch her classmates playing football. 艾麗斯站在窗前，她從那里能看到她的同學(xué)在踢足球。

二、連接副詞where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作from的賓語

連接副詞where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句可以充當(dāng)from的賓語，此時(shí)where前可視為省略了the place/position，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“從/離……的地方”“從/按……的立場”。如：

He swam across the riverfrom where the river was deepest. 他從河水最深的地方游了過去。

He lives ten milesfrom where Im living. 他住在離我現(xiàn)在住的地方十英里處。

The school was only a few blocksfrom where she lived. 學(xué)校離她住的地方只有幾個(gè)街區(qū)的距離。

From where we stand，there can be only one choice. 從我們的角度看，只能有一個(gè)選擇。

From where Im standing，it seems like shes being unreasonable. 我覺得她好像是不講道理。

綜上所述，where引導(dǎo)的從句位于介詞from之后時(shí)存在兩種情況，一種是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系副詞where作from的賓語，其先行詞為主句中表示地點(diǎn)的名詞或介詞短語；另外一種是where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，where是連接副詞，其引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)句子作from的賓語。

（作者單位：中山市龍山中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青 陳志萍endprint